United States school counseling program Term Paper

United States school counseling program - Term Paper Example School counseling is not a new concept; it has been in existence since long; however, it is also true that school counseling at elementary and middle level is a later development as compared to high school and college counseling.Academic counseling, vocational guidance and other forms of school counseling are offered in most schools these days for the students who need it. According to the Education Encyclopedia (2011), school counselors facilitate communication between students, teachers and parents while striving to make learning process a positive experience for all parties involved. This paper will provide a brief history and evaluation of the school counseling program specifically at elementary and middle high school level offered to students in the USA, focusing on the roles and responsibility of a school counselor. History of School Counseling In USA:Though existence of informal school counseling, where the teacher played the role of counselor is centuries long, almost as long as that of education itself; the history of formal school counseling can be traced back to the beginning of twentieth century. In the pro social reform movement period, when child labor was at its peak, counseling was introduced in many schools of USA, but this was mostly vocational counseling which aimed at transforming people in the workforce into productive members of the society (Education Encyclopedia, 2011). During its first half, the 20th century faced two world wars. Two noticeable events occurred in the post war era that cleared the way for counseling in schools as we know it today (Yau, 1988). One was the establishment of American School Counselor Association in 1950 and second was inclusion of aid for counseling in guidance in the national defense education act in 1958 (Education Encyclopedia, 2011). In 1970’s the focus of school counseling was further expanded to engulf the special needs department. Special needs students also fell under the department of school counselor as per the Education for all handicapped children act in 1978. The ASCA has also developed a set of national standards for school counseling program, which serves as a guide for all school counselors regarding their role and responsibilities (Sabella, 2006). Importance of School Counseling Professional school counseling helps in maximizing student success via promotion of a safe and supportive learning environment (ASCA, 2009). According to Gysbers (2003), identity issues, problems pertaining to academic learning, peer pressure, drugs and changing or disturbing family relationships are a common part of students’ daily lives in the USA today. The role of counselor is therefore very important. The school counselor not only identifies the students in need of assistance, but also serves to rectify the problems and help the students in solving their issues. This is attained via expanding communication channels and introducing the students to effective life coping strateg ies as per the requirement. 2. ROLE OF A SCHOOL COLUNSELOR A review of available literature was conducted in order to find out the current trends and issues in school counseling in the USA and to explore the roles of a school counselor in America. The ASCA have carefully developed a national model for professional school counselors to follow. This model is typically based on four areas, namely: foundation, delivery, management and accountability (ASCA, 2011). The element of foundation in the model points out that the counselors are to develop a philosophy in their work and then to follow it. Ideally, counselors create a mission statement in collaboration with that of the school they are working at to create a supportive environment for the students that encourages learning. Delivery refers to the provision of required and expected services by the counselor to the staff, teachers, students’ and parents. Management also falls within the realm f counseling. As per the national

Sweatshops and Child Labor Essay Example for Free

Sweatshops and Child Labor Essay Sweatshop is defined as a factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions. Sweatshops also referred to as the â€Å"sweat factory†, creates a hazardous and unhealthy working environment for employees such as the exposure to harmful materials, dangerous situations, extreme temperatures and abuse from employers. Sweatshop workers work for long hours, sometimes without taking any breaks, and these workers are not paid for any overtime hours or the minimum wage, although it is mandatory by law. These conditions are considered risky for any person, but the worst part is that in many countries, children are being forced to work in these sweatshops. The term sweatshop is mostly associated with underprivileged developing countries especially in Asia, but sweatshops did exist at some point in United States and Europe. For Americans, sweatshops are history, but in a South Asian country, Bangladesh, people are still working in these horrible conditions, especially children. Child Labor has always been a part of developing countries and a current article about child labor in Bangladesh shows that it is never going to end. Recently, British Broadcast Corporation, also known as BBC, sent one of their newsperson, Alastair Lawson, to a safety pin factory in Bangladesh where many under aged children are employed. Lawson interviewed a ten-year-old girl named Asma, who works in that factory along with ten other children who are about her age. Asma’s job consists of â€Å"sitting on a bench alongside her co-workers, Asma operates a powerful cutting device in the poorly-lit premises for up to 12 hours a day.† The machine that Asma operates cuts the metal for the pins very thinly and if Asma makes any mistakes then she could lose her fingers on that cumbersome, heavy and dangerous machinery. When Lawson further interviews Asma, she tells him that the workers in the factory are not given any lunch breaks and there is no first aid in a case of an emergency. Asma, like other 13 million children in Bangladesh who work full time to support their families are forced to work because of the unfortunate ci rcumstances of which their families are in. Asma tells Lawson that she does not know who she is employed by and all she knows is that she earns about two dollars a day for working twelve hours. Lawson, disturbed by the environment of the sweatshops and the unsafe condition for not just children but any human, writes, I dont think she [Asma] understands the safety part of her work neither she nor her workmates wear any safety gear and she seems totally unaware of the hazards.† Many of the sweatshop workers work full time to support their families and provide food for them, which causes them to work in poor surroundings in which their lives are at jeopardy. Many of these workers are victims of what, according to James Rachels, the author of The Elements of Moral Philosophy, describes as â€Å"the minimum conception of morality†, this concept states that â€Å"morality is, at the very least, the effort to guide one’s conduct by reason—that is, to do what there are the best reasons for doing—while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual affected by one’s decision† (Pg. 13). The reason why these workers might be in this state because they think of what the effect of their unemployment would be on their families who are depending on them for food and shelter, these workers think first about their home and then about themselves and what dangers they are facing when they go out to work in those hell holes called sweatshops. Although working in sweatshops and facing the conditions that are provided for workers there is morally wrong, but it is would not be considered ethically incorrect, because these workers are mostly uneducated and for that reason they can not find jobs in offices or other places where education is required. Another reason for why sweatshop should not be considered ethically wrong because these workers have a choice whether they should work there or not. If a worker does feel that the conditions in the sweatshop is too inconsiderate for them, then they can quit at any time that want, because they are not signing any legal documents that forces them to work there for a certain period of time. Also, many people in developing countries prefer to work in sweatshops because in such countries, there are many products produced from farming therefore, these workers could either become farmers or they could work in factories and build products such as cell phone component, clothing, furniture, shoes or toys. Sweatshops are especially beneficial for people who are handicapped and uneducated because if a person were both handicapped and uneducated then they would not be able to work on a farm. Therefore it is easier for them to just sit on a bench and manufacture products . Although the conditions in sweatshops are unsafe and unhygienic, but it would help handicapped people feel like they are helping their families instead of being a burden on them. Sweatshops are not just beneficial to handicapped and uneducated people, but it is also advantageous for the unfortunate developing countries. As the number of sweatshops increase the country can become more industrialized and there would be less farming and more technological advances. Many economists who are pro-sweatshops believe that if a country is more industrialized then the conditions of the sweatshops will improve and the wages will increase therefore the workers should assist their countries to become more developed. These economists also believe that when the conditions of sweatshops are described they are often compared to the factories in developed counties, which should not be the case because the developed countries have better laws and these laws are better enforced on business. Other than laws, it is also believed by many economists that sweatshops are better for the society in a developing country because people would work for money rather than stealing, which would create chaos and more problems for a country. Another reason is that women would get an equal opportunity to work and instead of going into stone crushing or prostitution, these women are working hard with their dignity. If there were no sweatshops in developing countries then people would not have any job opportunities and they would eventually starve themselves and then die. The cons of sweatshops can be that sweatshops and child labor, deprives children of their moral rights, Rachels talks about what morality really is and how it is related to our lives. Rachels devotes the entire first chapter of his book to What Is Morality? Rachels refers to Socrates, a classical Greek philosopher, who defines morality or moral philosophy, as â€Å"how we ought to live.† Considering Socrates definition of morality, it is seen that child labor in sweatshops deprives these children of how they want to live. These children are thrown into this dangerous and unhealthy work force as soon as they are able to understand the meaning of work. The meaning of morality shows that child labor and conditions in sweatshops are immoral because according to Rachels â€Å"the nature of morality has two main points†¦moral judgments must be backed by good reasons; and second, morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual’s interests.† Child labor and the conditions of sweatshops are not backed by any good reason; the only acceptable reasoning can be the poor condition the family of the worker is in. Also, the rising of unemployment rates in these disadvantaged countries are causing these workers be scared to lose their jobs (Rachels, Pg.10). Sweatshops not only deprive people of their rights to overtime payment or minimum wage, but they are not given any lunch breaks or in many cases bathroom breaks. Along with the horrible psychological conditions, these workers are also facing physical risks because of the harmful materials that they use during production of products that are made for rich or more developed countries. The argument that sweatshop workers should support their country into becoming an industrial is not really fair to the workers because the supervisor of the sweatshop earns the profit, but they refuse to share that with the workers. Critics of sweatshops say that the supervisors deliberately lower wages and make the hours longer because that would give them a greater profit margin, which is not beneficial for the workers at all, for long or short term. If the managers of the sweatshops keep this routine then the country would not get anywhere and there will be no industrialization. Some economists who are also the critics of sweatshop believe that better paying jobs, more investments and national possession of resources will improve the economics of a developing country rather than having sweatshops. All though there are economists who are pro-sweatshops, it is determined from the environment and the situations described by Lawson in a factory in Bangladesh, show that sweatshops are immoral because they deprive the human being of their rights such as children are robbed of their right to go to school and earn an education also their childhood is robbed of all the happiness of playing outside with their friends, but these children are forced to sit in a room for long hours and manufacture products by using machinery that is hazardous. Other than children, women also face immoral circumstances where some pregnant women are forced to have an abortion so they can continue working, which is the most corrupt thing that could happen to a woman. Many feminist organizations have campaigned against sweatshops because almost 90% of the laborers in sweatshops are women and children. Overall, the conditions of sweatshops and the treatment of workers demonstrates that the concept of sweatshops should not be used by any developing country to help them industrialize, because it is important for a country to be compassionate towards their people rather then becoming a well developed country which has been built on the poor workers sweat. People in industrialized countries like the United States believe that sweatshops are history but for poor developing countries, there are still sweatshops that have horrific working conditions in which mostly children and women work long hours to support their families. Some countries that have sweatshops are, China, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Vietnam and Honduras. These countries should begin to invest more in better factories with machinery that is safe for human use and strict laws should be passed out that prevent children under the age of sixteen to work in these factories. Along with better factory conditions, overtime pay, lunch breaks and vacation and sick leaves should be provided to the workers. There should be better laws that enforce minimum payment and employs laborers with equal employment opportunity. These improvements would have a better affect on the economy of these countries, because people would most likely be satisfied with their jobs and they would be more willing to help their country become industrialized. Sweatshops are not the last hope for a developing country to become industrialized and anything that begins with immorality does not stand for long, but something that has been made with enthusiasm lasts longer and is much healthier.

Relationship Between Facebook Usage and Social Capital

Relationship Between Facebook Usage and Social Capital 1. Introduction The purpose of this research is to investigate the recent phenomenon known as social networks, and in particular the social networks associated with the World Wide Web and their impact on the social welfare (also known as social capital) of people. This topic is of particular interest to the researcher because of the increasing importance and span of the online social network sites. Thus understanding how they impact society in general. The scope of the research will be The Facebook – the biggest at this time online social network. The reason for the topic is the increase of the website in our lives and the many disputations whether it has positive or negative impact on its users. Therefore adequate research regarding key concepts and connections between The Facebook and social capital would benefit anyone who is interested in online social networks and their influence over societies. Before continuing with the research it is important to introduce key concepts and definitions which is to make easier for the reader to understand the matters at hand. 1.1 Key Definitions A  social network  is a  social structure  made up of individuals (or organizations) called nodes, which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of  interdependency, such as  friendship,  kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike,  sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or  prestige. As in almost everything in present days, the internet influences the social networks. A good example of that is the created in 2004 online social network: The Facebook. By 2007 it was reported to have more than 21 million registered members generating 1.6 billion page views each day (Needham Company, 2007). The site is closely incorporated into the everyday media practices of its users: Ordinary users spend about 20 minutes a day on the site, and two-thirds of users log in at least once a day (Cassidy, 2006; Needham Company, 2007). 1.2 Aims and Objectives The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the use of Facebook, and the development and preservation of social capital – both bonding and bridging. Its objective is to determine whether online social networks and in particular The facebook have positive or negative impact on societies. 1.3 Key Research Questions Is Facebook positively connected with individuals who perceive bridging social capital? Will Facebook intensity be positively associated with people who perceive bonding social capital? Is Facebook helping people with face to face communication difficulties? Facebook Survey Pie Chart The remainder of the research is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews conceptual development and theories of the research questions. Section 3 reviews the research methods and how they address the questions and how the data will be collected. Section 4 shows the research plan vie diagram, displaying the different activities involved in producing the actual work and how they will happen in time. Section 5 concludes the research proposal by highlighting the importance of the research questions and their connection with the different theories. Section 6 is the bibliography and reference used for the research. 2. Literature Review Previous research suggests that Facebook users engage in searching for people with whom they have an offline connection more than they browse for complete strangers to meet (Lampe, Ellison, Steinfield, 2006). Much of the early research on online communities supposed that individuals using these systems would be linking with others outside their pre-existing social group or location, liberating them to form communities around mutual interests, as opposed to shared geography (Garton, Guila Haythornthaite, Dimitrova, Salaff, Wellman 1996). A benchmark of this early research is the assumption that when online and offline social networks overlapped, the directionality was  online to offline—online connections resulted in face-to-face meetings. For example Parks and Floyd (1996) report, that one-third of their respondents later met their online correspondents offline. As they mark, These findings imply that relationships that begin online rarely stay there. Much of the existing academic research on Facebook has focused on identity presentation and privacy (e.g., Gross Acquisti, 2005; Stutzman, 2006). Looking at the amount of data Facebook users present about themselves, the fairly open nature of the information, and the lack of privacy controls enacted by the users, Gross and Acquisti (2005) argue that users may be putting themselves at exposure both offline (e.g., stalking) and online (e.g., identify theft). Other recent Facebook study examines student perceptions of instructor presence and self-disclosure (Hewitt Forte, 2006; Mazer, Murphy, Simonds, 2007), sequential patterns of use (Golder, Wilkinson, Huberman, 2007), and the relationship between profile structure and friendship communication (Lampe, Ellison, Steinfield, 2007). Putnam (2000) distinguishes between bridging and bonding social capital. The former is linked to what network researchers refer to as weak ties, which are loose connections between persons who may provide useful information or fresh perspectives for one another but on average not emotional support (Granovetter, 1982). On the other hand, bonding social capital is found between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationships, such as family and close friends. Social capital generally refers to the assets accumulated through the relationships between people (Coleman, 1988). Social capital is a flexible term with a range of definitions in numerous fields (Adler Kwon, 2002), conceived of as both a cause and an effect (Resnick, 2001; Williams, 2006). Bourdieu and Wacquant (1992) define social capital as the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition (p. 14). The assets from these relationships can fluctuate in form and function based on the relationships themselves. Social capital has been related to a diversity of positive social outcomes, such as better public health, lower crime rates, and more resourceful financial markets (Adler Kwon, 2002). According to numerous instruments of social capital, this important resource has been deteriorating in the U.S. for the past several years (Putnam, 2000). When social capital declines, a community experiences augmented social disorder, reduced involvement in public activities, and potentially more mistrust among society members. Greater social capital increases commitment to a community and the ability to organize collective actions, among other benefits. Social capital may also be used for harmful purposes, but in general it is seen as a positive effect of interaction among participants in a social network (Helliwell Putnam, 2004). The Internet has been linked both to increases and decreases in social capital. Nie (2001), for instance, argued that Internet use detracts from face-to-face time with others, which might weaken an individuals social capital. However, this viewpoint has received strong criticism (Bargh McKenna, 2004). Furthermore, a number of researchers have claimed that online connections may add to or replace in-person interactions, mitigating any loss from time spent online (Wellman, Haase, Witte, Hampton, 2001). In fact, studies of physical (e.g., geographical) communities supported by online networks, such as the Blacksburg Electronic Village, have found out that computer-mediated interactions have had constructive effects on community relations, involvement, and social capital (Hampton Wellman, 2003; Kavanaugh, Carroll, Rosson, Zin, Reese, 2005). Lately, researchers have emphasized the significance of Online-based linkages for the formation of weak ties, which provide the foundations of bridging social capital. Donath and boyd (2004) theorize that SNSs (Social Network Services) could to a great extent add to the weak ties one could form and maintain, because the technology is well-suited to maintaining such ties inexpensively and effortlessly. Based on the earlier work, one could suggest the following assumption: Concentration of Facebook use should be positively connected with individuals perceived bridging social capital.    It is obvious that the Internet facilitates new connections, in that it provides people with another way to connect with others who share their interests or relationship goals (Ellison, Heino, Gibbs, 2006; Horrigan, 2002; Parks Floyd, 1996). These new connections may cause an increase in social capital; for example, a 2006 Pew Internet study analysed that online users are more likely to have a larger network of close ties than non-Internet users, and that Internet users are more likely than non-users to obtain help from core network members (Boase, Horrigan, Wellman, Rainie, 2006). Williams (2006) argues that even though researchers have examined possible downfalls of social capital in offline communities due to greater Internet use, they have not effectively explored online gains that could compensate for this. For that reason it could be proposed a second assumption on the relationship between Facebook use and close ties: Concentration of Facebook use should be positively related with individuals perceived bonding social capital. 3. Methodology The ontology of this research is such as: although Facebook is virtual and without material component, one can view and describe it as a real object, because it can be used, felt and its existence proved. Second is the epistemology, for which the objective perspective is used, because Facebook is seen as separate entity from the individual user. The environment is constant, thus the result is that the individual`s profile is what changes according to the virtual surrounding. This perspective makes it easier for marketers to analyse the user behaviour and give firms the opportunity to efficiently advertise and sell their products for maximizing profits. To provide evidence that the research findings are indeed correct, the positivist assumption will be used, because it is better and more accurate way of describing the topic, giving exact data for the research. An example of bad secondary date is the following pie chart: http://media.brainz.org/uploads/2009/02/facebook.png For the purpose of the research a comparison of the terms primary and secondary data is needed, so one can see why the author of the research chooses the second. Primary data is collected to be up to date and topic specific. This in no doubt leads to better and more accurate results. The big downfall of this method is its time consuming nature and the fact it is really expensive. On the other hand Secondary data is identified by Saunders et al (2003) as data previously collected, stored or published. The big plus of secondary data is that it is already published, analysed, structured and is reviewed by other professors and academics, who already evaluated it. There are two types of secondary data identified by Saunders et al (2003). These are qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data is usually analyses and text-like definitions whereas quantitative data is usually related to statistics and numbers. A good source of quantitative secondary data is census, housing, social security as well as electoral statistics and other related databases. It is exactly this type of data, that would be best to use in this research as it is easier, cheaper and less time consuming to obtain, while relatively reliable and least, but not last, by using secondary data it is easier to avoid privacy problems with the people the information was gathered from. As every method, secondary data has its disadvantages, which in this case are that the data may be collected for a different from the researcher`s aim and thus it can be distorted. The access to some secondary data sources can be costly and difficult. Furthermore it is proved that one has no real control over the quality and reliability of the secondary data at all. (Saunders, M. Et al. 2003) For that reason when collecting the secondary data it is vital to measure its validity and whether it meets the researcher`s needs. There is always bias in the data, so it is important to find as many sources as possible to minim ise the bias. (Saunders, M. Et al. 2003). For this exact research the secondary data will be collected from analysed written surveys, questionnaires, telephone surveys, observation focus groups and existing records. Each of those has their own pros and cons in terms of how much qualitative data can be extracted out of them. It is clear that written surveys with determined scales will give more pure numbers and thus make the descriptive statistics analysis easier. On the other hand processing telephone surveys and observation focus groups would be harder and more time consuming. But as stated above one need as much data sources as possible to fully analyse and give reliable and non biased answer on a topic as large as the impact of the largest online social network – Facebook on its users. 4. Research plan: Step one: writing the proposition Step two: make a research on the possible resources available and making a list of the most useful sources. Step three: Following the proposition methods, mine the needed quantitative data from the resources. Step four: Analyse and process the raw quantitative mined data via descriptive statistics analysis and the qualitative data analysis. Step five: Summaries the data found from the previous steps and based on it start writing the actual dissertation. Step six: Review the Reference and bibliography carefully and write it. Step seven: Give the semi-finished dissertation to the advisor for ideas of improvement. Step eight: Improve and polish the dissertation and then wrap it up for submission.http://thomaslarock.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/datamining.jpg http://www.42u.com/images/data-center-resources.jpghttp://howtowriteathesis.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/writingabook.jpg http://lib.store.yahoo.net/lib/classic-motoring/Flex3401VRGCarPolisher.jpg -1 -2- -3-http://www.whole-person-counseling.com/Images/bookstack.gifhttp://onetick.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/innovation_1.jpg?w=640 http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2008-11-17-2Advisor.GIF -4--5- -6- -7- -8- 5. Conclusion With the data that could be gathered using the models described above, one will have a more in-depth, reliable and useful information about the actual benefits and drawbacks Facebook gives in terms of social and bonding capital. It will be seen whether the theories suggesting Facebook helps people with face communication difficulties are indeed true. In general, conducting this research will provide data that is important for understanding the ever-growing online social networks and how to cultivate them to bring maximum benefits, not only for socializing, but for businesses, education, helping people overcome socializing problems and improving our lives in general.http://www.neurosoftware.ro/programming-blog/wp-content/plugins/wp-o-matic/cache/521f7_facebook_like_button.jpg

The Mysterious Vanishing Frogs of North America Essay -- Environment E

The Mysterious Vanishing Frogs of North America I have a passion for all things slimy, wet, and creepy-crawly. Some of the best times of my life have been spent on my knees, digging in the dirt for earthworms, traipsing back from ponds with buckets of putrid swamp water teeming with tadpoles, or chasing fat little toads in knee-high grass. I love the outdoors and all of the ugly animals that inhabit it. I like to catch them, watch them, and – especially – photograph them. For the longest time, lizards have been the main focus of my photographic endeavors, but last summer, inspired by a book on frogs from the local library, I set out to document the lives of these often overlooked amphibians. I live in southern Florida near the Everglades, and I remember catching, mating, and raising dozens of frogs as a kid, so I didn’t expect to have to lug my tripod and lenses very far to find a suitable subject. But much to my dismay, I didn’t find a single frog in an entire afternoon of searching. In fact, in the ye ar and half since my initial search, I’ve seen only four frogs. I immediately assumed that pollution had decimated the populations of my favorite amphibian. I have no hard evidence, but I believe that this is a common belief shared by many fellow lay naturalists. This makes scientific sense; frogs spend most of their lives in water, have thin, easily permeable skin during all stages of their lives, and lay their gelatinous eggs in water. Pesticides and other pollutants accumulate in water, where they can easily diffuse into the thin skin of frogs. It all seems perfectly logical. The catch is, this perfectly logical and widely believed answer is probably false. While there are never any absolutes in ecology, there is a l... ...y/froglog/FROGLOG-24-4.html Explanation for Naturally Occurring Supernumerary Limbs in Amphibians Stanley K. Sessions and Stephen B. Ruth The Journal of Experimental Zoology 254:38-47 (1990). http://www.hartwick.edu/biology/def_frogs/trem/Sessions&Ruth.html Sessions’ research group’s web page http://www.hartwick.edu/biology/def_frogs/Introduction/Introduction.html Morphological Clues from Multilegged Frogs: Are Retinoids to Blame? Stanley K. Sessions, R. Adam Franssen, and Vanessa L. Horner Science 1999 April 30; 284: 800-802. (in Reports) http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/284/5415/800 University of Wisconsin BioLab http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-4a/Trematode_Life-Cycle/trematode_life-cycle.htm Stanley K. Sessions Science 1998 January 23; 279: 459 (in Letters)

Case Study-Duraweld

1. List the 5S and compare to the lean implementation at Duraweld. If there are differences, explain them. The ‘5S’ principles which originated from Japanese terms of seiri (sort), seiton (set in order), seiso (shine), seiketsu (standardize) and shitsuke (sustain) are used to create efficient, clean and well organised working environment. Sort – refers to ensuring that each item in a workplace is in its proper place or identified as unnecessary and removed.When â€Å"sorting† is well implemented, communication between workers is improved and product quality and productivity are increased Set in order – The second stage of 5S involves the orderly arrangement of needed items so they are easy to use and accessible for â€Å"anyone† to find. Orderliness eliminates waste in production and clerical activities. Shine – refers to a clean work area. This maintains a safer work area and problem areas are quickly identified. An important part of à ¢â‚¬Å"shining† is â€Å"Mess Prevention†. In other words, don’t allow litter, scrap, shavings, cuttings, etc. , to land on the floor in the first place.Standardized – means to formalized procedures and practices to create consistency and ensure that all steps are performed correctly. Orderliness is the core of â€Å"standardization† and is maintained by Visual Controls. Sustain – means to keep the process going through training, communication and organisation structure. This last stage of 5S is the discipline and commitment of all other stages. Without â€Å"sustaining†, the workplace can easily revert back to being dirty and chaotic. That is why it is so crucial for the workers to be empowered to improve and maintain their workplace.When employees take pride in their work and workplace it can lead to greater job satisfaction and higher productivity. Among the benefits of implementing 5S System:- * Improve safety * Decrease down time * Raise employee morale * Identify problems more quickly * Develop control through visibility * Establish convenient work practices * Increase product and process quality * Strengthen employees’ pride in their work * Promote stronger communication among staff * Empower employees to sustain their work area Duraweld applied ‘sort’ and ‘set in order’ principles by using a shadow box as proper tool storage.Storage areas for quick moving materials were set line-side. Labels were used to ensure tools were stored in proper place. These implantations have help to reduce worker’s travel time as all machines, tools, and information related to their task is set within a defined area. Duraweld ensure ‘shine’ / cleanliness is practice at the factory. Cleaning and maintenance procedures are advertised in the factory. The floors under the machines were purposely painted in white so as to ensure that spilled/oil leak can easily detected – w hich can prevent corrective maintenance. Duraweld created two-cell manufacturing units for repeat stock products.The floor was painted to define the work area, aisle space and location of necessary items. By linking the routes together, the production team managed to reduce conveyance and set-up time, build awareness of previous/next process and increase productivity. This ‘standardized’ process was further enhanced by the implementation of Kanban cards – the visual management system that incorporates scheduling and maintenance. The Kanban cards indicate what to produce, when to produce and how much to produce. These standard operating procedures has help to reduce over-production at Duraweld.Furthermore its ‘pull’ as opposed to ‘push’ system allows better regulation of intermediate stocks in the production cycle. Among the key factors which lead to successful lean implementation in Duraweld is through its ‘sustain’ processe s. The company ensures its employees from shop floor to the top managements are committed to the lean programme. Proper communication sessions via workshops, training were held to explain about the changes, how it affect them, the benefit etc. This helps to instil positive values and make everyone be part of the system – employee engagement.Duraweld has also invested in an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to micromanage stock variation and seasonality. This system link operation across the organisation. The practicality of 5S principals can be seen through various implementations in Durawell as explained above. What makes the implementation of these principles throughout the organisation a big success is its employee’s engagement that makes the lean system as part of their culture in their work place and organisation as a whole. The principle aim of a 5S system is improved safety, efficiency, and employee morale.By deciding what should be kept, where it should be kept, and how it should be kept, 5S eliminates wasteful clutter and creates ownership of processes among workers. The results of 5S are both visually and economically dramatic. 2. Describe which kind of waste was eliminated for each lean implementation at Duraweld. Can you think of other types of waste that could be eliminated? Waste is defined as non-value added activity or expense that the customer is not paying for. By eliminating waste in the operations, we can reduce lead times, increase quality and decrease costs.Before we can eliminate waste from the processes, we need to be able to identify it. The following are the wastes most commonly associated with Lean. * Transportation: Is there unnecessary (non-value added) movement of parts, materials, or information between processes? * Waiting: Are people or parts, systems or facilities idle – waiting for a work cycle to be completed? * Overproduction: Are you producing sooner, faster or in greater quantities than the cu stomer is demanding? * Defects: Does the process result in anything that the customer would deem unacceptable? Inventory: Do you have any raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP) or finished goods that are not having value added to them? * Movement: How much do you move materials, people, equipment and goods within a processing step? * Extra Processing: How much extra work is performed beyond the standard required by the customer? At Duraweld, the 5S (Sort, Set to order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain) was the cornerstone that helps the organisation eliminating the waste. The first step taken by Duraweld was converting a ‘push’ manufacturing flow to a ‘pull’ process by creating a visual management system of Kanban card.The cards indicate what to process, when to process and how much to produce. Not only it reduces over-production but allows better regulation of intermediate stocks in production cycle. Only the required amount is produced in every stage. This process eliminate waste – no work was carried out unnecessarily, machine time is lesser, better utilisation of space in factory. The use of shadow boards helps to organise the essential tools. Relevant machines and tools were aggregated in cells. Floors were painted in white to assist warning of maintenance issues or detect early wear.Labelling program ensures item/tool used returned to their designated location. This helps in reducing motion of workers i. e. one of the wastes in production line whereby workers can find all machines, tools, and information related to their task is set within a defined area without having to travel around to find what they need. The preventive maintenance by ensuring early detection of wear machine or tools can reduce maintenance cost. The 3S – sort, sort in order and shine exercises as explain above also found waste from plastic cuts from the production line which can be recycled and reinserted the manufacturing cycle.The implementatio n of visual management technique and clear work area organisation ensure people were kept working which means the resources are fully utilised. This eliminates unproductivity among the workers – their movements are fully controlled not only by the supervisors but also by the workflow process/schedules. Duraweld made big investment by using an integrated enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to manage stock variation and seasonal stock adjustments. The system allows materials movements, stocks, and production schedules to be managed and monitored through a database in a computer.By using this technology, Duraweld can reduce its manpower cost whereby less supervisor is require to monitor the database as compared to more supervisor required to monitor each tasks if it’s done manually. Communication is the key success to sustain the lean implementation in the organisation. Clear message was sent across the board on how the changes is require to be done, the benefits an d the impact of the implementation to the workers effectively communicated. This not only gets rid of grievances among the workers which are a waste in any organisation but improve employee morale and create sense of belonging to the organisation.The tracking and elimination of waste is an on-going process. When waste is not actively sought and removed, it will continue to build in your company. 3. Considering Duraweld’s situation, explain which elements of the lean system you would further implement and what would be their positive consequences on the company. As discussed in question no. 2, one of the important elements in the lean system is eliminating the waste which in Duraweld’s case, the 5S systems are used as a tool to eliminate the wastes within its factory.On top of that the use of Kanban cards system help to increase efficiency in its production cycle by replacing the ‘push’ system with the ‘pull’ system. In my opinion, the followin g elements of Lean can be further implement at Duraweld:- 1) Visual Management: A Standard Operating Procedure and a step-by-step instruction which implemented through the visual management such as a manual board/instruction board at each workstation and machine can be used to show how each task is perform or machine is operated.When this visual management is fully utilised, not only the production flows are in order, job rotation among workers can be perform effectively – any employees can be trained to do any task or operate any machine by referring to the instruction board. This will reduce the company dependency of particular skilled workers. Everyone in the shop floor is multi-tasked. 2) Quality at the source: The quality at source require the production line to do things right the first time. This will eliminate the opportunity of waste i. e. waste of raw material, defect outputs etc. hich will help to reduce cost. At the early stage of production cycle, the workers wil l inspect, analyse and control their own work to guarantee that the goods and services passed on to the next process stage meet the specification/requirement. 3) Continuous improvement: Conventional wisdom told us â€Å"if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it! † The reality of today’s business environment is that if we’re not improving our business processes and meet and exceed customers’ expectation, our business will not survive. Many organizations create change either by vision or by crisis.The latter seems to be the most prevalent. A major crisis takes place that forces a company to make an improvement. When a crisis hits, it’s because the vision or change efforts were not sufficient to avoid it. Quick fixes are then applied, and teams are formed to root out the problems. We have to take the time to step back, identify, and analyze what the real issues are, and the type of method to use. There are numerous improvement choices; Kaizen, Lea n Manufacturing, Six Sigma, TQM, Process Reengineering, Value Propositions, etc. 4) Standardized OperationsOne of the most important tools of lean manufacturing is standardized work. When starting a 5S program, the cleaning, organizing, and developing of sustainable practices is done so the elements of work can be standardized. In lean product development deployments, by developing and releasing design guidelines, we are in effect implementing standardized work for engineers. The principles of lean and flow production do not work well when everyone is allowed to choose the method or sequence in which to do the job; quality suffers, and productivity drops.This reduces throughput and the carefully developed production system develops unanticipated bottlenecks. Standardized work is a detailed, documented and visual system by which associates develop and follow a series of predefined process steps. It should be used whenever the work requires completing a series of tasks. Production wor kers, shipping departments, and warehousing teams all can benefit from implementing standardized work. References:- 1. Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Techniques. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Techniques | eHow. com

Succesful Entrepreneur

Choose any successful entrepreneur in Malaysia or outside Malaysia. Then explain why you choose he/she as a successful entrepreneur and relate it with entrepreneurial competencies. The person that i choose to be the great entreprenure that become the idol to me is Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary. He was a great man that motivate us with his success story that inspired and motivated throughout his success in business activities which can make us to be more discipline and working much harder to achieve their dream. That is just the beginning. Now let’s go personally about him. He’s a mysterious man. Where he does not like to show off the luxurious life. For your information, he is easy to get along with other people. He is not the type of people which love to collect luxury car. He has an old model of Proton Perdana and another one is 20 year’s old Mercedes which he used to use it from time to time. Tan Sri Syed Moktar Al-Bukhari is the entreprenure that is so kind and always make a charity work to help other people. He always donate his money and easily to help people especially the poor people and the orphan. Now we go to his background. He was born into a mid- low class family in north of peninsular Malaysia, whose house was without necessities and luxuries. His highest education was only until form five, and he never went to university. A whole lot of his knowledge and experience was gained through his own entrepreneurship experience during his youth time. Due in part his family's mediocre-to-poor background, Syed Mokhtar al Bukhary had to step into the working world in his early life, while pursuing his primary and secondary studies. Syed Mokhtar helped his mother planting and selling vegetables in the market and also selling roti canai. His numeric knowledge was used to help his father in doing daily book keeping. After finishing school, Syed Mokhtar helped his father in breeding cow business but only to see the business washed away by foot and mouth disease. Nevertheless, he took over the business and start over by selling meats. He then move on to packaging the meats and start selling them wholesale. His determination paid off and the business started to take off. what can we see he have become entreprenure when he was small. His idea to run the bussiness rom the small scale business approve that we cannot only depends on a large-scale business to determine the successfull , but depending on the way we done the business with the continuous quality to make sure the business doing well. Now he have prove to us that he can be the best and succesfull business man even he come from the mid low class family, with the determine and hardworking, he can become the great entrepreneur. Characteristic that should be possessed by successful entrepreneur in order to perform entrepreneurial functions effectively have a several factor. One of the factors is initiative. This characteristic has been show by him when he help his father in breeding cow business. He then become the businessman and start over to selling meat. He then move on to packaging the meats and start selling them wholesale. Because of his initiative he he has managed to expand its business to advance from time to time. Al- bukhary Foundation was established in March 1996 as a charitable act to help the poor, support the development of islamic art and culture and promote understanding between civilization. The main objective of Al- Bukhari Fondation is to promote brotherhood among muslims. This foundation is composed of two parts. One section carries out charitable work, while one part of the management of funds from any company in which Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar no interest in it. Until now, al-Bukhary Foundation spent more than RM300 million for religious activities, culture and education. In addition, Yayasan Al-Bukhary only finance poor students. Among the initiatives that are committed to finance poor Muslim students from around ASEAN to study in Malaysia. Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar has show some attitude that he is the person that always help people evenly he has no interest in it. In conclusion, he is the one who concern for high quality of work. As an entreprenure, he acts to do things that meet certain standards of excellence which gives him greater satisfaction. What we can see from his attitude is, he is the one of the successful â€Å"bumiputera† that become the excellence and great billionaire and the one who is then become the icon and idol to the Malaysian. Because of his constribution also, many people has been helped by his Yayasan Al –Bukhary can support they life to go on further and then become the person who is excellence like him.

Writing a Kick-Ass Astronomy Essay Detailed How-to Recommendations

Writing a Kick-Ass Astronomy Essay Detailed How-to Recommendations Astronomy is the branch of science that focuses on celestial objects (like the planets, stars and the moon) physical universe and space. Generally, astronomy is the study of all things outside the earth atmosphere. Writing an astronomy essay is one way of gauging your knowledge on universe formation, development of celestial objects and facts about earth, etc. Writing an effective astronomy essay requires thorough brainstorming and proper planning to ensure that the essay is well structured and the information presented aligns with the astronomy topic. Pre-Writing Tips from Our Experts on How to Start Off After going through the various topics and identifying one that is the most appropriate and interesting, it is now time to think about the organization of the paper and the information to be included. Here are some of the main pre-writing tips worth considering when writing an astronomy essay. Think of the right structure of your astronomy essay. The focus of the paper determines the type of the structure that the essay should follow. Focusing on the astronomy topic determines the type of essay you are writing. Is it an informative, descriptive or persuasive essay? It’s up to you to decide. This will help you in developing a suitable structure for the essay and guide you on where to start. Develop the primary ideas and points to include in the essay. Knowing the prime points and ideas to incorporate in the essay makes writing easy and enjoyable. Brainstorm about what the topic entails and put down the points that you feel you should concentrate on while writing. Make a distinction between weak and strong points to ensure that the essay is not based on ideas that cannot be well-substantiated or proved. Also, keep in mind the structure of the essay. Think of the main argument of the essay. For an essay to be considered effective, it must comprise an argument that it is trying to put across and also provide ample evidence to support the claim. Analyze the major points you have identified and look at the message that they are trying to communicate. Think of the various arguments that you can make and choose the most compelling one. Even more, focus on the claim you are making and try to determine whether it is a claim that has been made by others or it is a new one. Formulate questions about your major claim. Having acquired the right claim, it is now time to draft some questions to assess the validity and accurateness of the argument. Ask yourself whether the claim makes sense and can be supported. Think of how your argument can be challenged and how you can defend it. Notably, avoid making biased arguments or those that have already been proved to be fallacious and invalid through research, unless you have enough evidence that proves otherwise. Research your topic. Conducting preliminary research about the topic is crucial in essay writing. Carry out brief research on the chosen topic to gain an idea about what others have written about the subject. This will help you to understand the arguments that have been made in prior studies, thereby helping you to decide whether you should narrow or broaden your topic. Researching can enable you to acquire new and critical ideas which you can make use of in your essay. Moreover, through research, you can finally determine the validity of your claim and get to know the arguments that have been disputed over the years and those that researchers have rendered to be totally illogical. Outlining. Once you have successfully undertaken all the above steps, you can now proceed with organizing your ideas in a logical and presentable order through an outline. Constructing an outline will help in narrowing down the essay’s most critical ideas and arguments. Topic Selection for the Astronomy Essay Selecting the topic that the essay will center on is the first step in getting started with the writing process. The topic of the astronomy essay should be carefully chosen and should also be clear and of interest to the writer. Also, the topic should be narrow and as straightforward as possible. In order to come up with the right topic, it is crucial to follow several steps as outlined below: Identify interesting topics that are both informative and have great content; From your list, identify three topics that have not been covered a lot in the last few years; From this brief list, identify the most appealing subject. There are numerous astronomy topics that you can focus on, which include but aren’t limited to the following: The Formation of the Solar System. This is an engaging topic that details how the solar system was formed. Choosing a topic on the solar system will allow you to interact with ample research and evidence, thereby gaining more knowledge. The Effect of Asteroids on the Earth. The topic entails the exploration of asteroids impact on the earth. In this astronomy subject, you can focus on the importance of the near-earth asteroids, their effect on earth and the consequences they have on society in the 21st century. Planetary Comparison. This is an essential and central topic in astronomy that fosters critical thinking skills. It requires the students to critically compare the different planets in the solar system. Here you can concentrate on writing an essay that extensively compares the planet’s size and distance as well as the basic features of the planets. The Big Bang Theory. This is a popular scientific theory that describes the first materialization of the world. Writing about the Big Bang Theory can introduce you to the intriguing facts of the model as well as the basic concepts that help with understanding the universe expansion. The Universe and What It Has to Hide. A topic on universe covers all galaxies, stars, particles, planets, and matter. When writing the essay, you can organize it to include an exploration of all the components of the universe while highlighting the key facts and arguments. Formulating a Strong Thesis Statement In order to write a paper that is both succinct and informative, it is crucial to be disciplined throughout the writing process. A thesis statement helps an individual to achieve this goal. Through a thesis statement, the writer is able to establish the main idea of the astronomy essay and then explore it in the body paragraphs. A good thesis statement should be original, specific and reflective of what the astronomy essay is about. It is crucial to organize your ideas in such a manner that each body paragraph has a different theme. One should then connect these paragraphs with transition sentences or phrases as they help to maintain the flow of the astronomy essay. Build up an Appropriate Outline An outline provides the ultimate direction that the essay will take. It presents the key claims and points to be incorporated in the essay. Noteworthy, by providing a good sense of what the essay will entail, an outline helps with making sure that the writing process will be smooth and less complex. Organizing ideas in an outline also ensures that the essay is clear and coherent. Let us look at how to create an outline and some of the things to consider when doing so. Begin with the introduction. While drafting an outline start with the introduction part where you introduce your topic and lay the major argument. The introduction should comprise a few sentences and end with a thesis statement. Body paragraphs. Write down the ideas of each body paragraph. 1st paragraph Topic sentence. The first paragraph should contain a topic sentence that conveys the idea to be discussed or explored. Evidence. Present the evidence that supports your idea, and argue your point. 2nd and 3rd paragraphs Following the same structure of the first paragraph (highlighted above) jot down the claims of the second and third paragraphs. Come up with a topic sentence that tells the reader the point that each paragraph will be addressing. Also, use adequate and credible evidence to support each point made in the paragraphs. End each paragraph with a critical analysis of your topic. Conclusion. In the conclusion section, you sum up all the claims presented in the body paragraphs and restate the thesis statement. In other words, the conclusion should sum up the arguments of the essay. Other things to consider. When writing an outline, always make use of bullet points to highlight the fundamental ideas and claims you will be focusing on in each section. Notably, an outline should be straightforward, well-organized and brief. A good outline should be between one and two pages. Having come up with an outline, the next step is engaging in the actual writing of the essay. This part entails elaborating on the information provided in the outline and presenting it in a way that is more coordinated and concise. An astronomy essay should contain three primary sections in which the selected topic should be adequately addressed. Let us critically focus on the 3 sections. The Introduction This part is the initial opening of the astronomy essay that introduces the reader to the topic. The introduction should clearly communicate the topic under study and present the thesis or the main argument of the essay. In the introduction part you should focus on doing the following: Begin with an attention grabber that will make the reader become interested in reading the whole of your essay. You may start with a quote, term definition or intriguing facts concerning the chosen astronomy topic; Offer brief background information on the topic that informs the reader of the direction you are taking. Ensure that the information is not too broad to avoid confusion; Lay out the thesis statement or the essay’s argument. Once you have introduced the topic, present your claim. The thesis statement should be specific and short, preferably one or two sentences, but it may be longer depending on the essay’s length. The Body The body is the chief part of an astronomy essay which includes the support and evidence of the essay. The body should contain three or more paragraphs that should assist you to prove your argument. It should also be organized in an orderly and logical manner. The leading goal of the body section is to develop a clear analysis and defend your thesis adequately. When writing the body, you should do the following: Include a series of paragraphs which address a central theme that assists in furthering your argument. Each paragraph should have a topic sentence that introduces the theme. Use evidence to support and expand on the claim introduced in the topic sentence found in every paragraph. Critically analyze and describe the evidence to demonstrate how it strengthens and relates to the particular argument you have presented in the paragraph and to the overall thesis. Moreover, whenever possible and necessary incorporate several examples to support your point. Further, ensure that paragraphs comprise five to seven sentences which are well-written. Make use of transitions to ensure that the ideas presented in the paragraphs are distinct from each other and the essay retains a good flow. Make sure that the essay has a logical order of ideas. When presenting your arguments and evidence pay attention to chronological order, emphatic order and spatial order. This will help you to ensure that your essay employs profound evidence and makes compelling claims. Presenting Arguments about the Thesis When supporting your thesis with the relevant arguments, it is crucial to separate them in different paragraphs. This arrangement makes it easy to follow the flow of the essay’s ideas. One must also embolden the argument by inserting reliable and high-quality examples. In doing so, one is able to appeal to the reader’s sense of logic. Conclusion This is the final section of the essay that wraps all the points and claims made in the essay. Commonly, the conclusion brings together your arguments and restates to the thesis statement. The conclusion, however, surpasses a summary, in that it shows why your thesis has merit. In this section you should do the following: Summarize the argument. Focus on summarizing the major ideas and points made in the essay while showing how they connect to the thesis. Refrain from adding anything new in this part and concentrate on the information that you have already analyzed in the body. Explain the importance of your thesis. Although not mandatory you may choose to briefly expound on why the argument you have made in the essay matters. The explanation can be done in three sentences, and depending on your topic you can end by calling the readers to take a specific action. Post-Writing Tips You Can’t Skip At this juncture, you have successfully completed writing the astronomy essay and what remains is going through your work once more to ensure the paper is free of errors and has a good flow. The following are the activities you should focus on. Proofreading/editing. After completing the writing process, you should take a small break before going through your paper. After relaxing take your essay and go through it, look for typos, errors, incorrect use of tenses, misuse of words and edit the paper accordingly. Referencing. Academic essays necessitate a reference page that lists all the sources utilized in writing the essay. Ensure that you include all the books, articles, newspapers or journals that you have used to compose the essay on the reference page. Also, make sure that you format all the sources according to the specified formatting style. References Chapman, C. R. (2004). The hazard of near-Earth asteroid impacts on earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222(1), 1-15. Coffin, C., Curry, M. J., Goodman, S., Hewings, A., Lillis, T., Swann, J. (2005). Teaching academic writing: A toolkit for higher education. Routledge. Lea, M. R., Street, B. V. (1998). Student writing in higher education: An academic literacies approach. Studies in Higher Education, 23(2), 157-172. Savage, A., Mayer, P. (2006). Effective academic writing: the short essay. Oxford University Press. Unsà ¶ld, A., Baschek, B. (2013). The new cosmos: An introduction to astronomy and astrophysics. Springer Science Business Media.

Free Essays on Public Relations History

According to our text, â€Å"Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice†(1997) , Public Relations is defined as â€Å"the leadership and management functions that help achieve organizational objectives, define philosophy, and facilitate organizational change†¦Public relations practitioners develop, execute, and evaluate organizational programs that promote the exchange of influence and understanding among the organization’s constituent parts and publics.† (p.5). Even though this is a current definition of the Profession, there have been many individuals that have practiced this profession since the early 1900’s. Edward L. Bernays is considered by many to be the â€Å"father of public relations†. The nephew of Sigmund Freud, Bernays began his career in public relations in 1915; he was assigned the task of promoting the Ballet Russes American tour. Even though he was not interested in the project, Bernays used his insight and skills to promote the â€Å"Ballet Russes† to the American public. He succeeded in changing the impression that the public had of this art form by explaining the concept and making it easier for audiences to understand and enjoy the ballet. He used local and international magazines and newspapers to promote the ballet and then used commercial retailers to create products that consumers would relate to the events. He succeeded in making the ballet one of the most sought after events of that time period. (prmuseum.com/bernays/bernays_1915.html) In addition to this project, Bernays was also credited with molding the images of many different individuals, businesses and government programs. During his long career, Bernays was involved in several different projects including the NAACP Conference in Atlanta in 1920 to promote civil rights for the African-American population, the Torches of Freedom Campaign in 1929 to promote the right of women to smoke in public (prmuseum.com/bernays/b... Free Essays on Public Relations History Free Essays on Public Relations History According to our text, â€Å"Public Relations: The Profession and the Practice†(1997) , Public Relations is defined as â€Å"the leadership and management functions that help achieve organizational objectives, define philosophy, and facilitate organizational change†¦Public relations practitioners develop, execute, and evaluate organizational programs that promote the exchange of influence and understanding among the organization’s constituent parts and publics.† (p.5). Even though this is a current definition of the Profession, there have been many individuals that have practiced this profession since the early 1900’s. Edward L. Bernays is considered by many to be the â€Å"father of public relations†. The nephew of Sigmund Freud, Bernays began his career in public relations in 1915; he was assigned the task of promoting the Ballet Russes American tour. Even though he was not interested in the project, Bernays used his insight and skills to promote the â€Å"Ballet Russes† to the American public. He succeeded in changing the impression that the public had of this art form by explaining the concept and making it easier for audiences to understand and enjoy the ballet. He used local and international magazines and newspapers to promote the ballet and then used commercial retailers to create products that consumers would relate to the events. He succeeded in making the ballet one of the most sought after events of that time period. (prmuseum.com/bernays/bernays_1915.html) In addition to this project, Bernays was also credited with molding the images of many different individuals, businesses and government programs. During his long career, Bernays was involved in several different projects including the NAACP Conference in Atlanta in 1920 to promote civil rights for the African-American population, the Torches of Freedom Campaign in 1929 to promote the right of women to smoke in public (prmuseum.com/bernays/b...

Auditing and Assurance Services Identification

The obligation of duty of care varies with the each case scenario as the severity of duty enhances the extent of responsibility. A greater duty of care will arise when it relates to the matters which are presumed to be in the knowledge of professional accountant or where fees are charged (Gay and Simnett, 2010).   A Professional accountant may accept a commission from the third party in connection with the sale of goods and services to a client. In the present case, Peter Harmon, professional accountant advises its clients to purchase computer services from Bunker L Ltd. In consideration Bunker, L Ltd has promised to pay 10% commission. Peter Harmon hasn’t violated Accounting code of ethics. According to Section 120 of APES Code of ethics for professional accountant’s states that a Member in practice may accept referral fees related to the client but only in certain situations (Mironiuc, Robu and Robu, 2012). This acceptance of commission or referral fee creates a self-interest threat objectivity, professional competence and due care but accountant has to disclose the clients about the arrangement in connection with the sale by the third party to its client. Here the accountant has to disclose about the arrangements in relation to the commission to the clients to safeguard the threat relating to self-interest. In this situation, there can be a breach of the principle of objectivity and Professional Competence and Due Care. According to Section 140 of APES Code of ethics for professional accountant’s imposes an obligation on all members to refrain from: In the above case, David Smith has referred it clients to insurance companies without letting them know. It is the obligation of the auditor to maintain confidentiality about the information acquired due to business and professional relationship. However, in the given case the auditor has disclosed confidential information (Glover, Taylor and Wu, 2015). Here David smith has to let know the clients about this fact that he has referred their names and about the arrangements in connection with the commission which the auditor will receive in consideration. In this situation, there is a breach of confidentiality. In accordance with the auditing ethics of Australia, it is important to accomplish audit work by considering professional approach and being committed to the work of client. As per the provided information in the scenario, it can be noticed that there is not a proper aspect for securing information provided by the client as information can be assessed by anyone and it can lead to clients (Glover, Taylor and Wu, 2015). By considering this factor, in this case, there is the possibility of violation of the ethical principle of the objectivity and Professional Competence and Due Care. Arens, A.A, 2007. Auditing and assurance services in Australia: an integrated approach. Pearson Education Australia. Collings, S., 2014. Frequently Asked Questions in International Standards on Auditing. John Wiley & Sons. Gay, G.E. and Simnett, R. 2010. Auditing and assurance services in Australia. Mcgraw-hill. Glover, S.M., Taylor, M.H. and Wu, Y.J. 2015. Mind the gap: Factors contributing to purported deficiencies in auditing complex estimates beyond auditor performance. Available at SSRN 2504521. Mironiuc, M., Robu, B. I. and Robu, A. M., 2012. The Fraud Auditing: Empirical Study Concerning the Identification of the Financial Dimensions of Fraud. Journal of Accounting and Auditing Research and Practice, 2. End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from

Research-Based Position as to the Gun Control and Gun Ban Research Paper

-Based Position as to the Gun Control and Gun Ban - Research Paper Example Apparently, the problem lies in agreeing what particular firearms should be included within the assault weapons definition that is being proposed by the federal government for a comprehensive ban. One hereby asserts that the federal government should first assume sole responsibility and jurisdiction for imposing a statewide assault weapons ban, in conjunction with stricter gun control laws to minimize gun-related deaths and injuries. Relevant Statistics and Literature Review In the statistical information presented by Alpers & Wilson (2013), the authors disclosed that there have been alarming increases in gun-related deaths since 2000, as shown in Figure 1. It could be seen that the total number of deaths in 2000 was noted at 28,663 and increased to 32,163 in 2011, representing a 12.21% increase. This number of gun-related deaths clearly happened during times when state-governed gun control legislations were being imposed. Likewise, there are good books that provide accurate informat ion regarding firearm laws in each of the state for the citizens’ awareness (Kappas, 2013). ...1). As such, there was a clear indication that there is a strong link that related higher or stricter gun control laws to the number of firearm-related fatalities. Figure 1: Total Number of Gun-Related Deaths in the United States Source: Alpers & Wilson, 2013 The chart shown below represents the mortality rates related to firearm, the computed strength scores according to the number of legislative laws and gun control enactments, as well as the total number of fire-arm related deaths from a four-year period commencing on 2007 up to 2010. It could be evaluated that the State of Ohio has been noted to have a legislative strength score of quartile 3: from 5 to 8 laws, a mortality rate of from 8.1 to 10.1 per 100,000 population, and a total of 4,431 in firearm-related deaths. The highest number of gun-related deaths were noted coming from the State of Louisiana at 3,318 for the 4-year p eriod and the least legislative strength score of 0 to 2 laws; as well as a mortality rate of 13.1 to 18.0% per 100,000 population (Fleegler, Lee, Monuteaux, Hemenway, & Mannix, 2013). Figure 2: Firearm-related mortality rates, legislative strength scores, and total firearm deaths in the United States, 2007 through 2010.  

Telecommunications, broadband and internet industry Essay

Telecommunications, broadband and internet industry - Essay Example The international call minutes are around 70 % and the consumers use prepaid calling cards for making international calls. However, the rate has considerably fallen down due to the introduction of VoIP based calling cards. Likewise, they are of low cost and the majority of the population in Bahrain is expatriates (Research, 2011). Moreover, in 2008 -2009, Wimax was launched by two different service providers and in the mid 2009, Wimax demonstrated a 30% share in the broadband services sector (Research, 2011). The telecommunication industry is continuously evolving due to up gradation of next generation networks. Moreover, the industry has its own significance in the context of human communication regardless of time, location and environmental factors, however, call rates may vary due to roaming services. Apart from advances in human communication, the industry has contributed to provide a carrier of digital transmission, for providing Internet to the people. The telecommunication and Internet industry in Bahrain has emerged as one of the fasting growing market. As per the telecommunication regulatory authority (TRA), a report was published indicating the rapid increase in revenue by 74% in between 2003 – 2006. Likewise, the industry contributed $194 Million in 2003, as compared to $342 Million in 2006. Both these figures demonstrates considerable rise in revenue by 28%. Moreover, the working force also increased to 2,322 from the total number of employees in 2003 i.e. 1,808 (Telecommunications market in bahrain one of the fastest growing.2007). The figures are from the first quarter of 2006. Moreover, the report also concluded an internet connection in almost half of the houses as compared to the two third percentages of fixed landline users. Furthermore, director of the telecommunication regulatory authority (TRA) praised the competitive marketing strategy of the government that resulted in a rise of the growth rate for the telecommunication and Interne t markets (Telecommunications market in bahrain one of the fastest growing.2007). Economic Trends The telecommunication sector in Bahrain has provided less opportunity to the foreign companies who wish to launch telecommunication providers. However, regional companies are welcomed whole-heartedly. The reason behind this strategy is the monopoly that has surrounded the telecommunication sector by party public owned operators knows as Bahrain telecommunication company (Batelco). The government has shows less efforts to modify the strategy in order to make competitors in the market. However, opportunities for foreigners are in terms of tenders of an investment program launched by Batelco (Noticiasdot.com ). Moreover, development of telecommunication infrastructure is up to the mark in spite of a non-competitive environment. This is mainly because the enlightened policy of modernization and diversification of Batelco is facilitated by its close resemblance with a strategic partner, name d as Cable and Wireless, sharing a 20% stake in the company (Noticiasdot.com). The priority is given to the implementation of a latest hardware equipped network that is compatible with wireless networks, high tech multimedia, and data services. These high tech services play an important role for the country as Bahrain is considered as a financial and regional hub. The government has shows some positive factors for the foreign investors in order to make a competitive enviro

Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft Definition - Essay Example Complete metamorphosis of Neo- Polizeiwissenschaft of the 21st century is because of the risk attached to modernity; every society changing its set up to incline with modernism, and the security installation devices mounted everywhere ventilates the subject â€Å"risk society.† In the United States, scrutiny to mobile handset, email, and other new forms of communication (new media) project to new forms of social control. Information is encrypted to avert risk or the documents having information to fall into wrong hands. This is through copyright act; other forms that inform the adoption of Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft are identity thieves, the modern war systems, and corporate relations (Dennis Par.2). However, the new forms of social control are similar to Polizeiwissenschaft and differ only on mechanization of work, but similar in fixations. 1.2 Polizeiwissenschaft of the 21st century exchanges was what defined how societies related. There existed mutual relations; however, neo-P olizeiwissenschaft has adopted a secular identity. ... This places individuals in risk society; they are vulnerable to other forms of inclusion. The latter may result to employing Polizeiwissenschaft of the 21st century, such as the debt counseling and restructuring services, which are other social control models. Neo- polizeiwisssenschaft is thus the root cause of falsehoods and poor heuristic methods of understanding an individual before excluding him or her from such benefits. This is a clear manifestation of acceptability of 21st century models of social control. Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft is imitation of 21st methods of social control. It is a total risk when the new forms focus on extraction of capital and individuals’ importance are viewed as those that favor multinationals (Dennis Par. 39). Identity theft and the production of everyday fear is a feature in the new form of social control. Personal information displayed in the Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft i.e. emails is a risk and it is enough to lead to fear regarding personal secu rity. Personal information unlike 21st century Polizeiwissenschaft is no longer safe (Dennis Par. 44). The adoption of non-secularization has eroded the ethical considerations in handling personal information . Surveillance in public schools, in the U.S. and the U.K. has taken course by imposing license on personal information to oust infringement (Dennis Par. 46). However, the 21st century social control models aimed at taming such actions only display the continued risk creating fear because of tolerating illegal activities. The adoption strategies of social control i.e. personal replication of information in a digitized format is a reassurance of continued fear, as this can lead to external attacks

Scultpture in Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scultpture in Architecture - Essay Example NOX explores the relationship between architecture and computers, making use of digital modeling, powerful large-scale processing and computer-aided modeling. All these techniques constitutes the framework of NOX designs and brings to fruition their construction and spatial ideologies. To make possible the use of electronic media, a facility known as V2_Lab has been developed. This forms the new medium in which the NOX engineers work to design the minute specifications of their buildings. V2_Engine, a program to assist the designers in their work, was developed by a collective effort of NOX architects Joan Almekinders and Pieter Heyman, completely on computer using animation software. This has transformed architecture and has made it into a non-linear form, as opposed to the former linear construction, and has made it time dependant. In fact, the V2_Lab was renovated using this program. The critical issue here was the incorporation of the program into the design philosophy, and to ma ke use of computer-generated designs into externalized, solid structures. For this, a technique, in which substances known as "springs", was used to change the diagram from a static picture on the board to a form process which operates on the coordination and interference of thousands of forces, whose vector forces can not be predicted, making motion and time a part of the organizational design for any pertinent building. The basic concept behind this strategy was to introduce motion into any construction medium/material. Inside the material, forces and events propagate in waves throughout its topological continuity. However, when external forces are applied on this material, they are not catered by these waves on the principal that subsequent lines intermitted by dots do not pass on forces as the dots pose as a hindrance to these forces, rather than joining the lines and allowing waves to pass on. To overcome this problem, substances called springs, which can be viewed as non-static dots capable of moving to and fro between the lines and, hence, passing on the forces, were introduced into the material. These springs in turn were linked together by lines called strings which then have to be directed towards the four extreme corners of the building to be constructed so that the forces travelling through the construction material are passed out to the extremes. These forces will then be reflected by the four corners along the same strings, where they will interact with new forces traveling outward toward the corners, and hence, each will interfere, and as these resultant or vector forces would be further interacting

Ontela PicDeck Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ontela PicDeck - Case Study Example The paper tells that PicDeck was a technology service that allows subscribers of wireless to effortlessly transfer their photos from their mobile to their computers, email inbox, and other networking devices and services. Media has appreciated the service a lot; an article in the Telephony magazine regarded the service as â€Å"helping bridge the gap between phone and PC.† The basic revenue model of the service was to provide a more convenient mobile imaging experience, which would increase the sales of high margin data services of Ontela’s wireless carrier who are the actual direct customers of the company. The author has rightly presented that Ontela was expecting that once customers started using their PicDeck service to transfer photos from their mobile devices to their computers, emails, etc. it would eventually increase the use of the wireless carrier services. Ontela’s direct customers are the wireless service providers who would market the service to its wireless subscribers. Ontela would receive a portion of the subscription fee that the subscribers pay to the wireless carriers. Now, Ontela needs to find a customer segment to position its service offering accordingly so that they can satisfy the value proposition of the Wireless Carriers who in turn can satisfy their end customers. The case identifies three basic customer segments through a qualitative review, the parent, the professional, and the teen.... get maximum information on available customer segments and once the suitable segments have been identified, they need to choose the segment that provides maximum opportunity for the company and the wireless carriers. They also need to balance the needs of the subscribers with those of the wireless carriers who want to decrease chum and increase Average Revenue per User (ARPU). It was really important for the company to find out the answer to these questions as Ontela’s direct customers are wireless carriers who are looking to increase their Average Revenue per User through the use of this service. The PicDeck service can only be successful if Ontela can find out the most profitable target segment and position their service accordingly. Analysis of the Case Ontela needs to find the most profitable target segment for its service PicDeck so that it can make a positioning statement accordingly and its direct customers, wireless carriers can reap profits from the service and in ret urn Ontela can also gain profits. The US mobile phone service industry is one of the largest sectors of the US economy. It comprises of various sub segment and its data service segments, which provides services such as internet data plans, text messaging, picture messaging and other multimedia transfer has developed at a very fast pace. It is expected that the data services segments would continue to increase, consequently, the revenue of voice segment would decline. Hence, as the data services segment evolves, wireless carriers would become increasingly dependent on the unique and high profit data services that can provide them with competitive advantage. As cellular phones became an extremely common device, it started coming out with different features and capabilities to provide the user with

Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft Definition - Essay Example Complete metamorphosis of Neo- Polizeiwissenschaft of the 21st century is because of the risk attached to modernity; every society changing its set up to incline with modernism, and the security installation devices mounted everywhere ventilates the subject â€Å"risk society.† In the United States, scrutiny to mobile handset, email, and other new forms of communication (new media) project to new forms of social control. Information is encrypted to avert risk or the documents having information to fall into wrong hands. This is through copyright act; other forms that inform the adoption of Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft are identity thieves, the modern war systems, and corporate relations (Dennis Par.2). However, the new forms of social control are similar to Polizeiwissenschaft and differ only on mechanization of work, but similar in fixations. 1.2 Polizeiwissenschaft of the 21st century exchanges was what defined how societies related. There existed mutual relations; however, neo-P olizeiwissenschaft has adopted a secular identity. ... This places individuals in risk society; they are vulnerable to other forms of inclusion. The latter may result to employing Polizeiwissenschaft of the 21st century, such as the debt counseling and restructuring services, which are other social control models. Neo- polizeiwisssenschaft is thus the root cause of falsehoods and poor heuristic methods of understanding an individual before excluding him or her from such benefits. This is a clear manifestation of acceptability of 21st century models of social control. Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft is imitation of 21st methods of social control. It is a total risk when the new forms focus on extraction of capital and individuals’ importance are viewed as those that favor multinationals (Dennis Par. 39). Identity theft and the production of everyday fear is a feature in the new form of social control. Personal information displayed in the Neo-Polizeiwissenschaft i.e. emails is a risk and it is enough to lead to fear regarding personal secu rity. Personal information unlike 21st century Polizeiwissenschaft is no longer safe (Dennis Par. 44). The adoption of non-secularization has eroded the ethical considerations in handling personal information . Surveillance in public schools, in the U.S. and the U.K. has taken course by imposing license on personal information to oust infringement (Dennis Par. 46). However, the 21st century social control models aimed at taming such actions only display the continued risk creating fear because of tolerating illegal activities. The adoption strategies of social control i.e. personal replication of information in a digitized format is a reassurance of continued fear, as this can lead to external attacks

Ontela PicDeck Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ontela PicDeck - Case Study Example The paper tells that PicDeck was a technology service that allows subscribers of wireless to effortlessly transfer their photos from their mobile to their computers, email inbox, and other networking devices and services. Media has appreciated the service a lot; an article in the Telephony magazine regarded the service as â€Å"helping bridge the gap between phone and PC.† The basic revenue model of the service was to provide a more convenient mobile imaging experience, which would increase the sales of high margin data services of Ontela’s wireless carrier who are the actual direct customers of the company. The author has rightly presented that Ontela was expecting that once customers started using their PicDeck service to transfer photos from their mobile devices to their computers, emails, etc. it would eventually increase the use of the wireless carrier services. Ontela’s direct customers are the wireless service providers who would market the service to its wireless subscribers. Ontela would receive a portion of the subscription fee that the subscribers pay to the wireless carriers. Now, Ontela needs to find a customer segment to position its service offering accordingly so that they can satisfy the value proposition of the Wireless Carriers who in turn can satisfy their end customers. The case identifies three basic customer segments through a qualitative review, the parent, the professional, and the teen.... get maximum information on available customer segments and once the suitable segments have been identified, they need to choose the segment that provides maximum opportunity for the company and the wireless carriers. They also need to balance the needs of the subscribers with those of the wireless carriers who want to decrease chum and increase Average Revenue per User (ARPU). It was really important for the company to find out the answer to these questions as Ontela’s direct customers are wireless carriers who are looking to increase their Average Revenue per User through the use of this service. The PicDeck service can only be successful if Ontela can find out the most profitable target segment and position their service accordingly. Analysis of the Case Ontela needs to find the most profitable target segment for its service PicDeck so that it can make a positioning statement accordingly and its direct customers, wireless carriers can reap profits from the service and in ret urn Ontela can also gain profits. The US mobile phone service industry is one of the largest sectors of the US economy. It comprises of various sub segment and its data service segments, which provides services such as internet data plans, text messaging, picture messaging and other multimedia transfer has developed at a very fast pace. It is expected that the data services segments would continue to increase, consequently, the revenue of voice segment would decline. Hence, as the data services segment evolves, wireless carriers would become increasingly dependent on the unique and high profit data services that can provide them with competitive advantage. As cellular phones became an extremely common device, it started coming out with different features and capabilities to provide the user with

All About Vertical Motion Essay Example for Free

All About Vertical Motion Essay Hey! I know the vertical motion model can be hard, but once you get the hang of it, it’s a piece of cake. Math is all about using your prior knowledge, plugging it into what you know, to solve for what you don’t know. The vertical motion model is made up of the velocity, and height. The equation is -16t2 + vt + h. V is equivalent to the velocity, and h is equal to the height. The vertical motion falls under the influence of gravity. As the force due to gravity may be opposite to the direction of motion, there exists the possibility that the body under force of gravity reverses its direction. It is, therefore, important to understand that the quantities involved in the equations of motion may evaluate to positive or negative values with the exception of time (t). We must appropriately assign sign to various inputs that goes into the equation and correctly interpret the result with reference to the assumed positive direction. Further, some of them evaluate to two values one for one direction and another of reversed direction. The problem I created was based on Hope Solo and her soccer skills. Hope kicks the ball back at an initial height of 3 feet, and a vertical velocity at 20 feet per second. The equation to this problem would be h(t)= -16t2 + 20t + 3. This shows how 20 would be the velocity, and 3 would be the initial height. The problem would ask us for the equation, time the ball would hit the ground in seconds, time the ball was in the air at 5ft, and the maximum height of the ball. In order to find at what time the ball would hit the floor, we need to find zero in the calculator. First step into solving this problem is plugging in the equation into the calculator. You will the need to find zero under the x-axis, in trace zero. The calculator will ask you for left and right bound. The ball would then hit the ground at 1.4 seconds. Next, the problem asked for the time the ball hit 5 ft. The steps to make in the calculator is trace, value, and x=5 ft. The calculator would then find the time in seconds when the ball was 5 feet in the air. The ball was at 1.14 seconds when the ball hit 5 feet in the air. The problem also asked for maximum height. In order to find maximum height, you must go to trace, maximum, and the calculator would then ask you for left and right bound. If instructions are don’t correctly, the maximum height would be 9.25 feet. DeVon hits a baseball into the air with an initial vertical velocity of 60 feet per second and an initial height of 3 feet. Will Devon’s baseball clear a 60-foot brick wall 2 seconds after the ball was hit? In order to solve this problem, we must find the height the ball reaches at 2 seconds in the air. In order to do that, we must hit trace, value, and enter x=2. It then came to show that the ball reached 59 feet in 2 seconds. This proved that the ball will not pass 60 feet at 2 seconds. This makes sense because I know that the maximum height the ball reaches is 59.2 feet. 59.2 feet is lower than 60 feet. Therefore, the ball reaching 59 feet at 2 seconds does make sense. The ball was to go over the brick fence at 60 feet, but its highest peak is at 59.2. So, at no point in time will the ball reach over the 60 foot fence. In conclusion, Math is all about using your prior knowledge, plugging it into what you know, to solve for what you don’t know. The vertical motion model is made up of the velocity, and height. The equation is -16t2 + vt + h. V is equivalent to the velocity, and h is equal to the height. The vertical motion falls under the influence of gravity. As the force due to gravity may be opposite to the direction of motion, there exists the possibility that the body under force of gravity reverses its direction. It is, therefore, important to understand that the quantities involved in the equations of motion may evaluate to positive or negative values with the exception of time (t). We must appropriately assign sign to various inputs that goes into the equation and correctly interpret the result with reference to the assumed positive direction. Further, some of them evaluate to two values one for one direction and another of reversed direction. The vertical motion model is real life sci ence and math. it works for any object that is effected by gravity. Michelle Villanueva G.R.A.S.P Goal; height at 2 seconds in the air Required; h(t)= -16t2 + 60t + 3 Analyze; value; 2 seconds X min; -10 Y-min; -50 X-max; 10 Y-max; 90 scl; 1 scl; 10 Solve; The ball will not reach 60 ft. at 2 seconds. It will reach 59 ft. at 2 seconds. Paraphrase; The ball will not reach 60 ft. at 2 seconds because the maximum height is 59.2. Therefore, if the ball’s highest point is 59.2, it can never reach 60 ft.

The Identified Strategic Challenges Facing The Lego Company Marketing Essay

The Identified Strategic Challenges Facing The Lego Company Marketing Essay The identified strategic challenges facing the Lego Company is the pursuit to creating innovative product lines that instills interests of the companys brand. With more visual graphics toys that perform technology advanced entertainment, the Lego Group must reinvent original concept that is current to interests of the targeted demographic. In addition, the other challenge is balancing act managing pricing matrix due to the economy woes that occurs at leave every 4-5 years that impact purchases. Therefore, the Lego Company strategic planning is critical to apply appropriate applications that will sustain the status quo of sales but with a determinate 20%-45% of increase sales. The brand identity is critical to this assessment to reaching the targeted measure for a successful return in investment. The stated opportunities are the beneficial aspects to building the dedicated customers to a new revamping of the product line specifically geared towards each age group. The Lego Company was founded tradition and that is why in 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen, in which, the company has passed from father to son and is now owned by Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen, a grandchild of the founder. In the past almost 80 years from a small carpenters workshop to a modern, global enterprise that the company is now, the Lego Company is the worlds 50th largest manufacturer of toys. Key recommendations The recommended strategic approaches to take advantage of the opportunities for further increasing the brand identity and brand equity is in the creation of the value for customers. In doing so, the customer will demonstrate loyalty and producing sales channels. The refocusing of the value that the Lego Company implements provides for a set target to identifying creative aspects of the current and new product line. Benefits and advantages of the recommendations The Lego Company benefits and advantages of the recommendations of implementing value by imposing advanced safety, creativity, and innovation as well as customer services to the product line produces brand equity. The Lego Company strategy for the period to 2010 is its core focuses on creating value that promotes the brand identity that produces quality products. In each new product design and concept the mission to infuse value systematic concerns supports the recommendations. The increasingly refine and improve product range strategically enable its new products to compete, for example, with the many electronic products on the target market. Aims to convince MD to read main report. The targeted aims to influential the demographic market is in the strategy that underlines the continued importance of focusing on profitability within the organization. Conversely, the situation facing all toy manufacturers at present is that they are tailored to focus from many quarters, such as, by consumers, customers and competitors. The Lego Company aim is to meet this challenge with a determination to unite and bind consumers, fans and retailers for an increasing the interests to the organization. The current challenges of todays toy products to attract and sustain customers with technology advanced precut, the Lego Company product line is the key attribute to present innovation. With over 79 years of toy business experience, the organization has the means to innovate the Lego bricks, PC Games, and Lego Land to heighten the demographic interest. Introduction The founding of the company since 1932, the strategic opportunities are the building of the LEGO brand that is more than simply our familiar logo brand but a new concept to transform technology product line. The targeted demographic needs for new interesting and innovate products that has a learning angle within its concept provides an exceptional opportunity. Therefore, the new branding of the companys products can provide a more strategic operational excellence for a dominate presences within the targeted market demographic. The refocus on the value will offer consumers a new vision for identifying Lego as the company to trust to demonstrate a safe purchase price and durability in the product line. The increase operational excellence is another strategic benefit and advantage for a profound measure to showcasing the Lego Company with the customer base. The products and services, and the accountability that is the LEGO Company brand identity is portrayed around the world that produces higher brand equity. In doing so, the benefits and advantages are more positive the brand will acts as a guarantee of quality and originality that shall achieve the mission by constantly focusing on a consistent strong brand. Main Body The Lego Companys strategy shared vision with the mission of the organizations presents the tangible strategy that is creating the required value for our customers to increasing the sales channels. In doing so, the pursuit for the building the brand identity leading to increasing brand equity is met to sustaining the manufacture known for producing the Toy of the Century. The marketing angle is the aim to making the foundation for a traditional interlocking principle for offering unlimited brand identity possibilities to emerge as the leader in manufacturing toys (Legos.com, 2009). The LEGO Company goal is to provide an improvement of issues that concern the product to create value for the child, parents, the retail shops, vendors, and society in general. The Environment SWOT/TOWS The strength identified is in the established brand identity with LEGO entails longetivity to foster a sense of trust of the product. The strength aspects present a vast measure of imprinting the feature of durability along with longevity with the product line. The Lego Company objectives feature a concept that reaches a wider demographic from age 1-6 and determines to expand this range (Ingram, Laforge, 2006, pp. 22). Therefore, the weaknesses identified are the needed ability to create innovated products such as the PC Games and Lego Land as well as reinventing the legendary Lego bricks to a new height. The lack there of will create a lesser share of the targeted audience compared to competitors. Respectively, the opportunity presents a means for creative toy manufactures to bring in key concepts to from remember able products that are long lasting for improving the brand equity standing. The threat is in the competitors; Coko, Tyco, and Mega Blocks, that are more apt towards pricing and innovated accountability that masters in the area of visual conceptual presentations. The competitors objective is to foster a new way of toy manufacturing that prides itself on a technical visual environment. In doing so, the Lego bricks are the foundation to counteract the threat of not creating innovated product lines, at least every other year. The opportunity is then presented to revolutionary the means for marketing the product that is the leading toy of choice. The weakness is then moved to a lesser degree because of the strategic marketing means for a desired results leading to strength for the Lego Company. The strength is presented for advancing the vision of the company to present value with innovation that is imperative. Strategic Capability The capacity to applying the strategic applications is to reaching the companys goals for leading sales 2-to-1 compared to competitors. The implementation of the company is through the means that perform its best to make a positive impact on areas such as working environment, environment that encourages innovation in the Research Development departments. In doing so, the marketing concept is reached with a directive to illustrate a primary aim to supply good, and healthy play product aspects (Savory, Butterfiled, 1998, pp.88). The strategic context to presenting the companys brand for having fun is the central concept within the marketing initiatives for reaching the desired results to the targeted demographic. The marketing initiatives are targeting the age groups of 1-6 as well as to 7-9 years old present an interesting concept to increasing the brand equity over the next 5 years. Business Idea The profound business idea is reinventing the original Lego bricks to an improved product line that advances the learning and playing experience that is remember for target group of age 7-9 demographics. The concept presents the business idea that builds on the foundation to foster a technology concept to drawing in the preference for Lego products rather than the competitors. The strategic move is a cost-effective approach that limits most marketing markets to a television and print ads combination. In doing so, the business idea is mastered perfectly to demonstrate a wiliness to compete with Nintendo and WII products more proactively. The concept is to reinvent the product line more geared to highlighting known entertainment in the demographic. Recommendations The recommendation is the investment of resources into the product line of Lego bricks, PC Games, and Lego Land that transform into a technology advanced ability and associated with current child entertainment venues. The similarities to Monopoly Games associating with Barbie, Sports, and now Disney version so Lego Company must consider branching out into similar avenues. The focused effort on the development to not only continues influencing kindergarten toddlers and schoolchildren but is to sincerely tap into the young teenagers to young-at-heart adults demographic. In doing so, the fascination of sports and cars are imperative to delivering the designed models for a creative Lego bricks that be performed on your computer by visiting the LEGO Factory website. In this retrospect, the recommendation is honing onto the strength identified for the Lego Company can build on the brand identity and brand equity. Conclusions In the pursuit for establishing a target market increase by 20% with the targeted age demographic of 7-9 as well as 10-14 for sales to improving an overall measure of global performance. The leading of plastic parts to create a new dimension of reality provides the opportunity to recreating a fascinating concept that improves the brand identity. The measure provides the brand equity to increase matching the sales projections for the next 5years due to manufacturing quality products. In doing so, the value target matrix is met accordingly to fulfill the strategic management planning goals with innovated products. The focus on mirroring the same concept as Monopoly Games strategy of paring up with popular entertainment venues and activities provides the Lego Company the same opportunity. Therefore, the targeted demographics are more likely to reinforce the primary vision of the organization as being the The Toy Manufactory in the current and next century by adapting to the times. Appendices Lego Company Weight Rating Weighted Score Products Weighted Comments Strengths Color 0.15 5 0.75 Bricks The variety of fresh ideas concept Shape 0.05 4 0.2 Land Always distinguish style Features 0.1 4 0.4 Theme Variety of features in the market Sizes 0.05 4 0.15 Bricks Measure component Diversity 0.15 3 0.45 Accessory Long lasting on adapting Weaknesses Acceleration Performance 0.05 2 0.1 Production Need to improve Limited in flexibility 0.05 2 0.1 Adaptability Not clear on concept in some markets Interior Design 0.2 2 0.4 Design No variety in standard 0.80 2.55 Table A. Table B. The reflection of the organization presents how the usage of invested resources to provide the innovated product line is critical to the success of Lego Company. The competitors strategy identifies to the mission for effective pricing to counteract the powerhouse of Lego Company. Therefore, the analysis presents the opportunity for the Lego Company to demonstrate a more diversified pricing matrix with the incorporation of value and quality. In doing so, the fundamentals of the recommendation to reinvent the product line of the Lego bricks, PC Games, and Lego land can be achieve successfully. The core vision of Lego Company is to provide an exceptional product in the international market place by proceeding to the next phase of developing an effective business initiatives outlining innovation. The recent analysis of the strengths and weakness of Lego Company focusing on the global market provided insight into the overall benefit for moving forward to rebranding the product line. The marketing strategy for a global integration is to accomplishing corporate initiative that outlines the profitability margin in effectiveness of the product brand (Armstrong Kotler, 2007, pp.11). The analysis on the weakness of Lego Company presented a concern with a proposed consensus on the needed invested resources capital to meet phases of implementation for a planned strategy, in order, to enter new technology products in the market. Therefore, the counteract impact of the Lego Company provides a vitality of the product that has been proven years pages record sales with PC Games. The entry proved from 1990s to current year a strong brand name in the current market for further research and development. Therefore, the need to receive approval from strategic for developing a business initiatives present the effectiveness of the product will remove concerns on initial estimation of capital required. The implementation of formulating the business plan will provide the usual focuses of the mission, purpose, management staff but as well as details on the three core strategic approaches. The three strategic areas are positioning, segmentation, and branding to infuse Lego Company in its initial launching efforts to secure a prestigious footing in the global market place. The positioning will provide the previous research on where the best location for the entry into the international market that will target the core children, school-aged, and teens consumer audience. The marketing positioning will play in sync with the segmentation marketing strategy, in order, to solidify the core vision of the parent company. In doing so, the focus is set to be of offering and providing an exceptional product that can be adapted to any specific international culture environment (Wild, Wild, and Han, 2006, pp. 45). Furthermore, the Lego Companys branding strategy will be highlighted in the business plan to outline the psychological theory that would be in play to capture the awareness of the product and brand identity. Moreover, the focused attention will be on the apathy theory as well as a child, the parent, and the vendors psychological theory concept to deliver the impact of a new awareness to the product and its profound capabilities (Best, 2006, pp. 28). The entrance into the international market must have the means to effectively construct the vision of Lego Company for the short-to-long term goal; hence, a concise effort to instill a communication model has already been established. The marketing strategy for Lego Company already established communication model outlines the short-term goal to the global market with the implementation of strategies within twelve months. The long-term goal measuring will take place in the ninth to twelfth month to secure a footing for long-term efforts that synergize the companys marketability. The long-term goal is to roll-out 3 upgraded version of the product line associated with Disney, Sports, and Learning Visuals within the next 1 to 4 years. The additional long-term goal is to recoup the initial capital investment required at the start of launching globally and to start marking a profit by year 2. The time for Lego Corporation to enter the global market is right now with any delay due to the ramifications can result in losing a hefty share in the consumer market. The outcome can presents a more dramatic entry into the market due to the brand identity established. The research study presents the investigation of the correlation between various marketing strategies on successfully popular products that are online gaming features for the worldwide web (George, Jones, pp. 18). The identification of the product marketing strategy bringing traffic to the brand identity for equity advancement creates an effective measure to tapping in to the targeted demographic. The built by a website designer to increase the popularity in the search engine, hence a review of the three main search engines specifications to avoid rejection in the ranking level. The marketing methodology approach seems to display how the creative features of original product can improve by strategies focusing on current trends (Gobe, 2001, pp. 12). The mission of the organization to focus on a refine associated with the products as well as the PC gaming web technology aspect accomplishes in the desired outcome marketing strategy. The popularity of the Lego Company creativity and durability proves to being the established foundation to meeting the targeted demographic needs for innovation and interest. Respectively, the mission for a value concept incorporated into the strategy provides for a strong effort to compete with manufactory to increase the share in the market.