Essay --

Lab Report 1 Allison M. Shaw Bio 302L Sec: 009 Thursday February 12th, 2014 Introduction: HL-60 cells were initially taken from a Caucasian female that had acute promyelocytic leukemia (Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson, 2002). These cells are good for studying cellular processes and under favorable conditions, are â€Å"immortal†. HL-60 cells have a relatively quick doubling time of no more than 48 hours, and do not experience apoptosis, which makes them â€Å"immortal† (Cirtain, et. al, 2002). The HL-60 cell line’s immortality is instrumental when it comes to finding possible treatments for patients with leukemia, which is of interest to researchers. This immortality attribute is also critical for studying mechanisms of monocyte and granulocyte differentiation (Collins, 1987). Another quality about the HL-60 cell line that is equally important is its ability to differentiate into the white blood cell line (Collins, 1987). Granulocytes and monocytes are the two most important types of differentiated cells in this experiment, although white blood cells also differentiate into macrophage-like cells and eosinophils (Collins, 1987). Compounds occurring naturally that induce HL-60 cell line differentiation include Vitamin D (Collins, 1987). Chemical inducers, such as DMSO and PMA in this experiment, can induce HL-60 cells to differentiate into cells along the myeloid path (Cirtain et al,. 2002). DMSO is studied as a control for PMA treatment conditions and is used to make PMA solution. It causes HL-60 cells to differentiate mostly into granulocytes (Cirtain et al,. 2002). The control in this experiment is cells treated with DMSO, and is done to show DMSO has no effect on PMA (Cirtain et al,. 2002). Using kinase C, PMA activates cert... ...he line. Further studies could allow researchers to gain valuable information possibly leading to cures for numerous cancer types. References: Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. â€Å"Chapter 3.† Power Point. Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. â€Å"Chapter 4.† Power Point. Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Collins, S. J. "The HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line: Proliferation, Differentiation, and Cellular Oncogene Expression." The Blood Journal 70 (1987): 1233-1244. Xie, Bei, Amale Laouar, and Eliezer Huberman. "Fibronectin-mediated Cell Adhesion Is Required for Induction of 92-kDa Type IV Collagenase/Gelatinase (MMP-9) Gene Expression during Macrophage Differentiation." The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1998): 1576-1582.

Quality Of Life Thalassemia Patients Health And Social Care Essay

Thalassemia is familial upset of blood characterized by anaemia. It is the most common individual cistron upset in the universe with bulk of new instances in the development states. Thalassemia is a chronic disease in which patients can non do plenty good quality haemoglobin to prolong life. Therefore these ruddy cells break down prematurely ensuing in terrible anaemia. Epidemiology It is prevailing in the antecedently malaria endemic zones all over the universe. The planetary thalassaemia bearer frequence is about 5 % . It is widely prevailing in Bangladesh with bearer frequence of 7 % among which 4 % HbE bearers and 3 % beta thalassaemia bearers. It is estimated that 7000 new babes born with thalassaemia each twelvemonth. Thalassemia patients undergo womb-to-tomb blood transfusion and Fe chelation. WHO defines quality of life as â€Å" an person ‘s perceptual experience of their place in life in the context of the civilization and value systems in which they live and in relation to their ends, outlooks, criterions and concerns. It is a wide ranging construct affected in a complex manner by the individual ‘s physical wellness, psychological province, personal beliefs, societal relationships and their relationship to salient characteristics of their environment. â€Å" 1RationaleHemoglobin upsets are an emerging planetary wellness job. The quality of life surveies in developed states revealed important lessening in QOL due to hard and long term intervention. Though the disease is rather common in Bangladesh, there was no survey conducted on health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in Bangladesh and hazard indexs associated with it. There is scarceness of published research in thalassaemia in Bangladesh. A PubMed hunt with keyword ‘Thalassemia Bangladesh ‘ returned merely 13 consequences. Most diseases have a major impact on the afflicted single above and beyond mortality. Diseases that may non be deadly may be associated with considerable agony and disablement. For this ground, it is besides of import to see the impact of a disease as measured by its consequence on a individual ‘s quality of life, even though such step are non, in fact, steps of disease happening. For illustration, it is possible to analyze the extent to which patients with thalassemia rheniums compromised by the unwellness in transporting out activities of day-to-day life. Although considerable contention exists about which quality of life steps are most appropriate and valid there is general understanding that such steps can be reasonability used to be after short-run intervention plan for groups of patient. Such patients can be evaluated over a period of months to find the consequence of the intervention on their ego reported quality of life. Quality of life steps have besides been used for set uping precedences for scarce wellness attention resources. Although prioritization of wellness attention resources is frequently chiefly based on mortality informations, because many diseases are chronic and non life threatening, quality of life must besides be taken into history for this intent. Patients may put different weights on different quality of life steps depending on cultural background, instruction, and for illustration, spiritual values. As a consequence mensurating quality of life and developing valid indices that are utile for obtaining comparative informations in different patients and in different populations remain a major challenge. 2Conceptual ModelResearch QuestionWhat is the wellness related quality of life among the thalassaemia patients in the selected centres? What are the hazard indexs associated with the wellness related quality of life of thalassaemia patients?AimGeneral ObjectiveTo find the wellness related quality of life among the thalassaemia patients in selected centres and designation of the associated hazard indexs.Specific aimTo mensurate the wellness related quality of life among the thalassaemia patients in selected centres To compare the wellness related quality of life in this survey with antecedently published surveies. To happen out the hazard indexs that influences wellness related quality of life.List of variablesDependent VariablesHealth Related Quality of Life ( HRQOL )Independent VariablesSocio-demographic variables Age Sexual activity Religion Highest instruction ( in old ages ) Area of abode District of abode Highest instruction of household caput Occupation of the household caput Family income Number of siblings Number of thalassaemia among the siblings Disease and intervention related variables Type of thalassaemia Age of first diagnosing Blood group Requires blood transfusion Age of first transfusion Transfusion interval Pre-transfusion haemoglobin degree Duration since last transfusion Serum ferritin degree Type of Fe chelator Regularity of Fe chelator Splenectomy Date of splenectomy Complications i.e. Hepatitis B, C Visit to specialist physician for thalassaemia Physical scrutiny variables Height Weight Liver size Spleen size Facial alterations Composite variables Body mass index Height for age z mark BMI for age z markOperational Definition of the VariablesHealth Related Quality of Life ( HRQOL ) : Individual ‘s ability to map physically, emotionally and socially within his/her environment at a degree consistent with his or her outlook measured utilizing structured and good validated tool PedsQL. Age: Age of the respondent calculated in old ages by subtracting day of the month of birth from day of the month of interview. If day of the month of birth is non available, age in accomplished old ages is taken alternatively. Highest instruction: Highest formal instruction of the respondent calculated in figure of old ages. Area of abode: Residence of the respondent in footings of belonging to metropolis, town and small town. City is defined as the big and of import town such i.e. divisional centres. Town is defined as the population centre smaller than metropoliss i.e. territory central office. Highest instruction of household caput: Highest formal instruction of the household caput calculated in figure of old ages. Family income: Monthly income of the caput of the household along with income of the other household members. Number of siblings: Number of siblings of the respondent. Number of thalassemics among the siblings: Number of siblings enduring from thalassaemia other than the respondent himself. Type of thalassaemia: Respondent or parent reported thalassemia type as diagnosed in the haemoglobin cataphoresis. The common types are Beta thalassaemia and Hb E beta thalassaemia. Age of diagnosing: The age at which thalassaemia was foremost diagnosed in the respondent. Blood group: Blood group and Rh type of the respondent. Requires blood transfusion: Weather the respondent requires blood transfusion of keeping life. Age of first transfusion: The age at which the respondent received foremost blood transfusion. Transfusion interval: Respondent or parent reported usual interval between blood transfusions. Pre-transfusion hemoglobin degree: Respondent or parent reported pre-transfusion haemoglobin degree during last 3 months. Duration since last transfusion: Duration since last blood transfusion calculated from last day of the month of transfusion as reported by respondent or parent. Serum ferritin degree: Serum ferritin degree in ng/L in last six month as reported by the respondent or parent. Type of Fe chelator: Type of Fe chelator taken by the respondent. The options are desferrioxamine, deferiporne, deferasirox or combination of these drugs. Regularity of Fe chelator: Weather the respondent takes the drugs daily or as prescribed. Splenectomy: If splenectomy was done. Date of splenectomy: Date or twelvemonth of the splenectomy as reported by respondent or parent. Complications i.e. Hepatitis B, C: Weather any complication ensuing from intervention of thalassaemia is present i.e. hepatitis B, hepatitis degree Celsius, diabetes, bosom disease, hypothyroidism and growing deceleration. Visit to specialist physician for thalassaemia: If the respondent visits specialist physician for thalassaemia and continuance since last visit to a specializer physician. Height: Height of the respondent measured in centimetre utilizing height base. Weight: Weight of the respondent measured in kg utilizing bathroom graduated table. Liver size: Size of the liver in centimetre signifier costal border along the mid costal line. Spleen size: Size of the lien in centimetre from the costal border along the axis of the spleen towards navel. Facial alterations: Facial alterations scored harmonizing to three standards i.e. bossing of the skull, giantism of zygoma, dental malformation. Each standard was scored 0-4 and amount of all standards used as the concluding mark.Review of Related LiteratureInternational PerspectiveIt is estimated that more than 300,000 kids are born with familial disease of haemoglobin each twelvemonth among which about 80 % born in low to income countries.3Regional PositionNational PerspectiveQOL A survey of hurting in the thalassaemia patient used SF-36v2 wellness study for adult/adolescent and kids were used PF-28 child wellness questionnaire.4 Iron Chelation Therapy ConformityPainThe progresss in the intervention of thalassaemia have resulted in increased life anticipation 5. The drawn-out life spans have exposed antecedently unidentified issues like bodily hurting. A survey conducted in the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network ( TRCN ) among 265 adults/adolescent and 103 kids with thalassemia 69 % of adult/adolescent reported bodily hurting with at least 28 % reported at least moderate hurting. Parent reported hurting in 56 % of kids while merely 11 % reported pain reasonably frequently. Though there was no difference in the hurting in kids with thalassaemia compared with the general population, hurting increased significantly with age. The survey besides showed that increased hurting is associated with lessening in quality of life and increased anxiousness and depression. 4 : Methodology This survey was done to happen out the wellness related quality of life of the thalassaemia patient in the selected centres in Dhaka metropolis and hazard indexs associated with it. The undermentioned methodological analysis was followed to carry on the survey.Study DesignA cross-sectional survey was designed to measure the HRQOL and associated hazard indexs. Figure 1: Conventional diagram of a cross-sectional surveyStudy PeriodThe entire survey period accounted 6 months from January 2010 to June 2010. During this period a scope of activity was undertaken get downing from title choice, protocol readying, protocol presentation, informations aggregation, informations cleansing, information analysis, study composing and printing. The clip allocated for informations aggregation by class coordinator was from 18 April 2010 to 7 May 2010. The elaborate work agenda is appended in AnnexureA -A 1.Study LocationThis survey was done on thalassaemia patients came at 3 centres in the Dhaka metropolis viz. ASHA -Thalassemia Center, Bangladesh Thalassemia Society and Thalassemia Hospital and Red Crescent Blood Center. Dhaka Shishu Hospital Thalassemia Center was planned as one of the sites in the initial protocol, but the establishment declined the research worker for informations aggregation. Therefore it was replaced with Red Crescent Blood Center with permission from research usher.Study PopulationThe survey population included all the patients coming to the survey location for outpatient audience and blood transfusion.Study SampleSampling Technique and Sample SizeA convenient sampling was done. All available instances within the informations aggregation period were included in the survey. Overall 120 instances were included in the survey.Calculation of Sample SizeEligibility CriteriaInclusion StandardsExclusion StandardsDevelopment of Research InstrumentA pretested semi structured Bangla questionnaire and checklist was used for informations aggregation. The variables were identified harmonizing to the specific aims and taking the of import variables into consideration which reveled in the literature reappraisal. Then appropriate graduated tables of measuring for these variables were identified and English questionnaire was drafted. After necessary rectification and tuning the English questionnaire was translated into Bangla. Th e questionnaire was so reviewed by research usher and co-workers of the research worker. The PedsQL Core scales 6-11 by James W. Varni was used for appraisal of quality of life with due permission from the writer. The tool consists of 4 ( four ) graduated tables for different age group i.e. Young grownup ( 18-25 ) , adolescent ( 13-18 ) , kid ( 8-12 ) , immature kid ( 5-7 ) . The interlingual rendition of the instrument was carried out harmonizing to the lingual guideline sent by the writer. The purpose was to develop a questionnaire which is conceptually tantamount to the original version, every bit good as clear and easy to understand. The interlingual rendition procedure consisted of three stairss – Forward Translation Backward Translation Patient Testing In each measure a interlingual rendition study was prepared and sent to writer. For interlingual rendition of the PedsQL to Bangla, the research worker appointed two transcribers viz. Dr. Jenny Roslin D'costa and Dr. Tareq Salahuddin and himself acted as the undertaking director for the interlingual rendition procedure as stipulated in the lingual proof guideline. Each the transcriber was given the 4 ( Young grownup, adolescent, kid, immature kid ) original PedsQL graduated tables for different age group along with the lingual proof guideline. They were asked to interpret independently. After completion of the interlingual rendition a meeting was arranged on 16.04.2010 for rapprochement of the interlingual renditions. The undertaking director went through all 4 graduated tables one by one. There was no major dissension among the transcribers. They agreed to alter some of the words with equivalent word and rephrased some of the instructions and inquiries. Both the transcriber translated â€Å" walk more than one block † literally. The undertaking director pointed that actual interlingual rendition of western block will transport no significance in Bangla and among the mark population. Therefore he suggested it to be replaced with Bangla equivalent. He quoted Wikipedia mention below to explicate the significance of block. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_block â€Å" Since the spacing of streets in grid programs varies so widely among metropoliss, or even within metropoliss, it is hard to generalise about the size of a metropolis block. However, as mention points, the standard block in Manhattan is about 264 by 900 pess ( 80 m A- 270 m ) ; and in some U.S. metropoliss criterion blocks are every bit broad as 660 pess ( 200 m ) . The blocks in cardinal Melbourne, Australia, are 660 by 330 pess ( 200 m A- 100 m ) , formed by dividing the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the center. † The transcriber discussed the issue and replaced block with â€Å" walking more than 100 paces † which is frequently used in Bangla to intend â€Å" walk a short distance † . After alteration of all four graduated tables ( Young grownup, adolescent, kid, immature kid ) version -1 of each paperss was prepared. Dr. Md. Rajib Hossain was appointed for the backward interlingual rendition of Bangla VersionA aˆ‘A 1 of the PedsQL graduated tables ( Young grownup, adolescent, kid, immature kid ) and research worker himself acted as the undertaking director. He was besides given the lingual proof guideline and asked non to entree the original graduated tables from cyberspace. After completion of the interlingual rendition a meeting was arranged on 17.04.2010 to compare his interlingual rendition with the original graduated tables. The consequence of the treatment in the meeting is documented in the undermentioned subdivision. The rubric contrary translated as â€Å" list † alternatively of â€Å" stock list † . This is due to non holding a similar word Bangla word. The closest interlingual rendition was synonymous to â€Å" name † and Dr. Hossain accepted it. In the Young Adult Report, Teen Report and Child Report â€Å" walking more than one block † , which was changed to â€Å" walking more than 100 paces † in forward interlingual rendition due to cultural differences was rearward translated same. Dr. Hossain besides agreed on the alterations made. The point 8 â€Å" I have low energy † was reverse translated as â€Å" I feel weak † . Therefore the interlingual rendition in version 1 was updated in version 2 which literally translates to â€Å" I have low energy † . In the emotion subdivision, point 4 â€Å" I worry what will go on to me † translated back as â€Å" I get dying about my hereafter † but it was decided to maintain the current Bangla interlingual rendition. In â€Å" how I get along with others † point 5, there is non actual interlingual rendition of â€Å" equal † hence the contrary interlingual rendition was â€Å" others of my age † which was acceptabl e. The other differences were considered as normal lexical fluctuations. In Young Child Report, â€Å" a batch of job † in the direction subdivision was back translated â€Å" large job † . In the reply options â€Å" a batch † was translated as â€Å" many times † . The difference was due to weak backward interlingual rendition. â€Å" Functioning † in the subdivision rubrics had no actual Bangla word, which was reflected in each of the subdivision rubric. The difference was acceptable. In the first subdivision â€Å" Physical operation † , foremost 6 points was translated as interrogative get downing with â€Å" Do you † . Therefore sentence building was altered to repair it. The other differences in all the graduated tables were considered normal lexical difference transporting the same significance of the original graduated table. The alterations were incorporated in version-1 of the translated graduated table and the version 2 is produced. In the patient proving measure, the research worker found that in the Likert graduated table ( 0-4 ) , patients did non understand the difference of â€Å" frequently † and â€Å" about ever † clearly. Therefore he suggested interlingual rendition of these two points to be modified which retranslate as â€Å" frequently † and â€Å" ever † . However the writer of the tool expressed his concern that altering â€Å" about ever † to â€Å" ever † will cut down your responses at that terminal of the graduated table. He advised to return to â€Å" about ever † which will be helpful in comparing the research worker ‘s findings with other published informations on the PedsQL utilizing a one-sample t-test. The writer suggested utilizing cognitive questioning method to get the better of this issue. The survey questionnaire was besides pretested along with the PedsQL graduated tables. Entire 37 points were included in the concluding questionnaire after necessary all right tuning.Datas Collection PlanThe PedsQL Generic mark tool has 4 graduated tables for different age group of 5-7, 8-12, 13-18 and 18-25 old ages. The sale for 5-7 old ages is interviewer administered while remainders are designed to be self administered. However the research worker communicated the writer of the tool about the low literacy rate which may cut down the pertinence of the ego administered tool. The writer provided a Cognitive Interviewing Guideline, which was applied for questioning all the tools.Data Processing and Analysis PlanAfter aggregation, informations were checked exhaustively for consistence and completeness. Datas were cleaned and edited manually. Statistical Package for Social Science ( SPSS ) version 16.0 for Windowss was used to analyse the information. Descriptive statistics were compu ted for the demographic variables. Chi-square analysis was carried out to measure the important association of qualitative informations. Datas were presented by tabular arraies and graphs.Quality AssuranceStudy RestrictionsPurposive samplingEthical IssuesThe survey was done through aggregation of informations utilizing questionnaire and neither any intercession nor any invasive process was be undertaken. However, prior to induction of the survey ethical clearance was taken from NIPSOM ethical commission. Before induction of the interview a brief debut on the purpose and aim of the survey was presented to the respondents. They were informed about their full right to take part or decline to take part in the survey. The research worker besides assured the respondents that there was no invasive process included in the survey and all the findings of the survey will be used to steer the service suppliers and policy shapers for the betterment of thalassaemia intervention. A complete confid ence was given to them that all information provided by them will be kept confidential and their names or anything which can place them will non be published or exposed anyplace. Their engagement and part will be acknowledged with due regard. After completion of these processs the interview was started with their due permission. : Consequences This cross sectional survey was conducted among 108 thalassaemia patients in three thalassaemia intervention centre in Dhaka metropolis. The information was analyzed utilizing appropriate descriptive and illative statistical processs and presented in this chapter utilizing tabular arraies and graphs, harmonizing to specific aims where applicable. The determination is organized under the undermentioned subdivisions4.1 Socio-demographic features of the respondents4.2Socio-demographic features of the respondentsData was collected on socio-demographic position of the respondents which is shown in the tabular array xx.xx.Age of the respondentsThe age of the respondent was usually distributed ( One sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test, P =0.28 ) with average 13.28 old ages and standard divergence A ±5.19 old ages. There was no important difference of quality of life in one manner ANOVA ( F=1.68, p=0.18 ) among the PedsQL age groups.Table 1: Age distribution of respondents harmonizing to PedsQL age groupsAge groupFrequencyPercentage5-7 old ages 17 15.7 8-12 old ages 44 40.7 13-17 old ages 25 23.1 18-25 old ages 22 20.4 Entire 108 100.0AgeSexual activityReligionHighest instruction ( in old ages )Area of abodeDistrict of abodeHighest instruction of household caputOccupation of the household caputFamily incomeNumber of siblingsNumber of thalassaemia among the siblingsCorrelation analysis and additive and ordinal logistic arrested development were used to pattern forecaster of hurting. Forecasters important in initial analysis, commanding for age, sex, and state, thalassemia diagnosing, regular transfusion, bone denseness, pre-transfusion haemoglobin degree. Partial correlativity, commanding for age and sex, was used to measure the consequence of hurting on quality of life. : DiscussionDiscussion12

The Divine Power Of Womanhood Hawthorne s Re Branding...

The Divine Power of Womanhood: Hawthorne’s Re-branding of Femininity Women in Puritan society, as in many other societies throughout time, were repressed. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter it is womanhood, not women themselves, that is being repressed within Puritan society. On the surface, this is because of its traditional religious association with sin. However, Hawthorne depicts femininity and womanhood as having divine power and influence, [as in, they] ? are a God-approved force leading people towards moral good. This is shown through his depiction of women deprived of womanhood as morally corrupt, the way in which Hester’s feminine qualities inspire forgiveness, and in Hester’s belief in the power of a woman to change Puritan society. Hawthorne does this in order to subvert those traditional religious ideas about femininity, instead suggesting that the reason womanhood is repressed lies in the fear the Puritans have of womanly power destro ying their patriarchal society. Hawthorne depicts the unfeminine women in Puritan society as being morally corrupt, thus proving that feminine influence is necessary for morality. In Puritan society, femininity and womanhood are repressed, as they are considered sinful. Hawthorne emphasizes this by showing how Puritans blame womanhood for Hester’s sin: â€Å"she would become the general symbol at which the preacher or moralist might point, and in which they might vivify and embody their image’s of women’s frailty and sinful

Disadvantages of Social Networking Sites - 2567 Words

Lack of Anonymity You are putting out information about your name, location, age, gender, and many other types of information that you may not want to let others know. Most people would say be careful, but no one can be certain at any given time. As long as people can know who you exactly are, then some can find ways to do you in. Scams and Harassment There is a potential for failure of security in both personal and business context. While many sites apply certain measures to keep any of these cases of harassment, cyber-stalking, online scams, and identity theft to an absolute minimum, you still may never know. Time Consuming If this is not your kind of thing, that it would just be a waste of time for you. The key to social networking†¦show more content†¦http://www.authorpalace.com/internet-marketing/site-promotion/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-social-networking-sites.html by Julian Watknins Social Media is the current big buzzword in the world of Internet Marketing, and with good reason. It is already such a big part of the Internet culture. It is here to stay and should be ignored by marketers, or indeed anybody, at their peril. â€Å"Social Media† is an umbrella term used for many different aspects of the social Internet from Facebook to blogging to forums and there are so many variants of the same phrase used to refer to so many different elements of the social web, that it be confusing defining exactly what social media is. Just to make sure there is no confusion, for this article I am settling on â€Å"Social Networking† as a phrase to mean the sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace etc, where people connect with others directly. It is important to understand WHY people use these websites, as there is a broad demographic on these sites. Some people use them for business purposes, to network and find new deals. Then there are others who use social networking sites for purely personal reasons and are totally oblivious to the fact that there is a business presence in the social networking environment at all. It is fascinating to see that there are so many different things going on in one place, and even more incredible that they seem to all work in harmony. 1. Purely PersonalShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Society954 Words   |  4 Pagesaccess to the internet, and the use of social media has basically become a new way of living and communication between people. Some people stated that the social networking sites has more advantages than there is disadvantages. 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Theme Of Violence In The Kite Runner - 1133 Words

As children, young adults, adults and the elderly we all have one trait in common; To be accepted. Although, in trying to become accepted, we can lose friendships and trust from people we love, but far worse we could lose ourselves, trying to be accepted for someone we are not. In the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Khaled Hossieni, we as the reader see many different situations in witch Amir is putting his real self aside and taking his anger out and betraying someone very close to Baba and Amir himself, closer than the reader and the protagonist Amir will learn until further on; Hassan the servant’s son. In this powerful novel we see very real situations unravel, to be more specific we see one act of violence that relates to every reader in a†¦show more content†¦(Hosseini, K. (2003). The kite Runner. One). In this quote you can see Amir’s guilt remains even though he has tried to forget about it. The author allows readers to feel the guilt and shame A mir is feeling, by allowing the reader to see the failed attempts of Amir trying to forget about the past, such as trying to rid of Hassan, and even moving across the country. The act of violence; the rape, contributes to redemption, with the doings of Amir trying to save his own self from drowning in guilt. Another theme the reader would find in â€Å"The Kite Runner† would be betrayal. The biggest act of betrayal coming from our protagonist and his father Baba. As we know Hassan gets raped by a Pashtun who is far against Hazar’s and sees the world being a better place without them. The betrayal comes in as Amir sits back and watches his close friend get raped. Amir has two choices at the time of the incident, to either stop the rape and save his friend, or sit back and walk away. His choice haunts him for the rest of the novel. Another act of betrayal would come from Baba himself. When Baba made the choice of sleeping with his servant’s wife and impregnating her with Hassan. To the knowledge of Ali and Hassan it never happened, as Baba kept it a secret and never spoke of it. Baba betrayed Hassan and Ali, in a very distinct way. If Baba would have let it be known that Hassan was the son of the notorious Baba would his life have perpetuated to be full ofShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Violence In The Kite Runner810 Words   |  4 PagesViolence is seen absolutely everywhere in the world, and the causes of it can range from pure rage and hatred, to being a necessity to live through a difficult situation. The Kite Runner utilizes violence to set the tone and setting towards a darker, more depressing atmosphere. The character Hosseini is the producer of the majority of violence in the novel and he definitely has an impact on the mood, but for good reason. Many events occur including the rapes of Hassan and Sohrab, the Hassan and FarzanaRead MoreThe Kite Runner Symbolism Analysis753 Words   |  4 PagesTHE KITE RUNNER Symbolism is a literary device found in all mediums. Symbols are marks or words that designate the significant features in a piece of literature. They allow people to connect to the many concepts found in the literary works. The novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, showcases this notion of symbolism well. These symbols come full circle by the end of the novel as they represent pivotal moments in the close bond Amir and Hassan share. Within the novel, Hosseini uses a kite to symbolizeRead MoreKhaled Hossieni s The Kite Runner1433 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicine in the private sector in 1996. (britannica.com) The Kite Runner was his first novel and he had the idea to write a novel while still practicing medicine in 2001 and then published The Kite Runner in 2003. Initially, he wrote a light twenty five page short story about boys in Kabul flying kites after being inspired from a news story about the Taliban and all the limitations they placed on people, it said that they even bann ed the sport of kite running. That struck a personal chord for Hossieni asRead MoreThe Kite Runner759 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseinis powerhouse debut novel, was recommended to me by a friend whose literary tastes Id never previously had the opportunity to compare with my own. Its always reassuring to me when I find that someone I respect has standards that reasonably approximate my own. The novel is currently a bestseller, and is hailed as the first Afghan novel written in English. I liked The Kite Runner enough to read it through twice. It was a gripping read the first time around. It heldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the nov el is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissiveRead MoreReview Of Khaled Hosseini s Kite Runner Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesI was on a plane when I finished reading Khaled Hosseini’s Kite Runner, but my public surroundings didn’t deter me from crying as I would have, snuggled under the covers in my bed. This book transported me to another world, with atrocities that I could never have imagined; and the worst part was that it is based on history. Literature like this has the power to convey themes and ideas through the stories and actions of characters. In his book How to Read Literature like a Professor, Thomas FosterRead MoreThe Meaning Of Betrays In The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1417 Words   |  6 Pages In reading Khaled Hosseini’s novel â€Å"The Kite Runner†, we as the reader can assum e the novels meaning is tied to regret. Our protagonist Amir, remains holding himself accountable for the rape of Hassan, due to his lack of courage to stop the incident. Nonetheless, after the horrific incident happens, it unties the novels secondary meaning, which is betrayal. Throughout the novel, we see Amir trying to rid of Hassan as a way of trying to forget what he has done, or better yet what he didn’t do. HoweverRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we wouldn’t typically have from the outside looking in. They counteract the stereotypes that outsiders procreate of something that they have never intimately experienced. Keeping that in mind, my classical nomination is the Bestseller The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Hosseini wrote this historical novel in 2001 while completing his residency at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. Much of the historical content was based off his childhood experiences living in AfghanistanRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1313 Words   |  5 Pageswas also poor as she started writing the saga on napkins in coffee shops. This way of writing, however, is not unique to just J.K. Rowling. Khaled Hosseini also incorporates life experiences into some of his novels. A prime example of this is The Kite Runner. The storyline of this novel reflects his past to create a journey of a young Afghanistan boy, whose name is Amir. This boy changes drastically throughout his lifetime from a close minded, considerably arrogant boy to an open hearted and mindedRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemption

Science Fari Final Report for Oven Baked Ice Cream Free Essays

Science Fair 2012 By Anna Neuber Question If I put ice cream to bake in an oven, will the egg white and sugar mixture insulate it well enough so it won’t melt? Hypothesis If I put the ice cream into the egg white mixture and heat it up in the oven at 260 °, it will not melt because of the insulation. Variables Independent Variables The independent variables are those that are changed throughout the experiment. In my experiment I am going to change the amount of egg white mixture on the ice cream (in my first experiment I put very little and the experiment didn’t work out). We will write a custom essay sample on Science Fari Final Report for Oven Baked Ice Cream or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also be changing the type of ice cream. This will not affect the experiment but it will change the taste. Dependent Variable The dependent variable is the one that is measured during the experiment. I will be measuring/observing the texture and outcome of the ice cream after it has been baked in the oven. Controlled Variables The controlled variables are the ones that you try to keep constant throughout your experiment so that they don’t affect your experiment. I will be keeping the temperature of the oven the same and the type of cookie that I place the ice cream on. Background Research Ice cream usually melts when exposed to heat. This is an observable physical change. But could there be a way to keep it in tact without letting it melt? In fact, there is a way! Americans eat this as a treat and call it â€Å"Baked Alaska†. In effect it is ice cream covered in an egg white mixture put into an oven. Why doesn’t it melt? The egg whites mixture acts as an insulator and keeps the ice cream cool. The air bubbles slow down the penetration of heat from the outside. Once baked, the dessert is hot on the outside and freezing on the inside. If I put the bowl of ice cream into the egg white mixture and then on the cookie and put it into the oven at 260 degrees Celsius, will it melt or will it stay intact because of the insulation? Oven baked ice cream isn’t an experiment like mixing metals with acids. It’s actually a dessert. The name it was given is â€Å"Baked Alaska†. The name â€Å"Baked Alaska† comes from Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York City in 1876, and was created in honor of the newly acquired territory of Alaska. It is basically hard ice cream on a bed of sponge cake. The process is simple; this ‘cake’ is kept in the freezer until serving time, when it is placed in a very hot oven, just long enough to brown the meringue. Baked Alaska and similar desserts use the insulating properties of the trapped air in the cellular structure of the foams (the meringue and sponge cake) which keeps the heat from reaching the ice cream. Early versions of this dessert consisted of ice cream covered in a very hot pastry crust. (Ehler, 1990-2012) Since ice cream doesn’t really leave a trace like pots or weapons, there is not much history about ice cream. It is said that people living in places in prehistoric times where snow and ice were abundant made themselves a sort of â€Å"sorbet† by adding fruits to give the ice a flavor. Also, some left over ice houses, where ice was produced, have been found. Ice houses are known to have existed as early as 2,000 B. C. in Mesopotamia. They were built by rich Mesopotamians. Also, some Egyptian Pharaohs ordered ice from the colder regions to be shipped into Egypt. A lot later on, the Arabs began using syrup and sugar instead of honey. In the 10th century B. C. , ice cream was sold in all major Arab cities. The Chinese also picked up the use of ice cream, and it began to be a popular treat in the hot months of the year. (Zinger, 2012) Ancient people first began cooking on open fires. The cooking fires were put on the ground and later simple brick constructions were used to hold the wood. Simple ovens were used by the ancient Greeks for making bread and other baked goods. By the middle ages, taller brick and cement fireplaces, often with chimneys, were being built. The food to be cooked was placed in metal cauldrons that hung above the fire. The first written historical record of an oven being built refers to an oven built in 1490, in Alsace, France. To improve the ovens, fire chambers were invented that contained the wood fire, and holes were built into the top of these chambers that cooking pots with flat bottoms could be placed directly upon replacing the cauldron. Around 1728, cast iron ovens began to be made in quantity. These first ovens of German design were called Five-plate or Jamb stoves. Around 1800, Benjamin Thompson invented a working iron kitchen stove called the Rumford stove that was designed for very large working kitchens. However, the Rumford stove was too large from the average kitchen and inventors continued to improve their designs. Cast iron stoves continued to evolve, with iron gratings added to the cooking holes, and added chimneys and connecting flue pipes. Jordan Mott invented the first practical coal oven in 1833. British inventor, James Sharp patented a gas oven in 1826, the first semi-successful gas oven to appear on the market. It was not until the late 1920s and early 1930s that electric ovens began to compete with gas ovens, however, electric ovens were available as early as the 1890s. Some historians credit, Canadian Thomas Ahearn with inventing the first electric oven in 1882. The Carpenter Electric Heating Manufacturing Company invented an electric oven in 1891. In 1910, William Hadaway designed the first toaster made by Westinghouse, a horizontal combination toaster-cooker. (Bellis, 2012) In conclusion, I can only say that ice cream definitely doesn’t melt in the oven. But only if you cover it safely in egg whites mixture. On my first experiment, the ice cream melted partially and it wasn’t very successful. This is why I have repeated the experiment to get a different result. I only tried one recipe because the other ones take about 8 to 10 hours and I don’t have so much time available. The thing that went wrong on the first experiment I think was that the ice cream wasn’t insulated well enough. My second experiment went very well and I was happy about the results, but the last one was not much better than the first trial. This was because the ice cream slipped off the cookie. In summation; oven baked ice cream is definitely not an easy experiment and it takes practice to get a good outcome that tastes good and looks nice as well! Materials List – 3 or 4 large eggs – Vanilla ice cream – 1 large cookie – 113 grams of sugar – Large mixing bowl – Whisk or fork – Ice cream scoop or spoon – Cookie sheet – Aluminum foil – Oven Experimental Procedure 1. Extract the egg whites from the eggs. The egg white has to land in the bowl. 3. Use your whisk or fork to beat the egg-whites in the bowl, slowly adding in the sugar as you mix. Keep beating the egg whites and sugar until you have a glossy looking mixture. 4. Pre-heat your oven to 260 degrees Celsius 5. Line your cookie-sheet with the aluminum foil so that it covers the entire surface 6. Place your cookie on the center of the foil-lined cookie sheet 7. Take a big scoop of Ice Cream that is about the circumference of the cookie and place is in the egg white mixture. Make sure the ice cream is completely covered and submerged. 8. Take the ice cream from the mixture and place it on the cookie 9. When the oven is pre-heated, place the cookie sheet on the bottom rack 10. Bake the ice cream cookie until the ice cream starts to turn a golden brown, about 5 minutes. 11. Remove the ice cream cookie from the oven and allow a few minutes to cool. Data Analysis Trial| Result| Observation| 1| Bad| The ice cream almost completely melted and the egg whites mixture didn’t insulate properly. Some parts of the egg whites mixture turned a gold-brownish color, but some stayed white and didn’t bake properly. To improve: I need to put on more egg whites mixture. | 2| good| The ice cream barely melted and there was more left than in the experiment before. To improve: I need to leave it longer to bake. | 3| Ok| The ice cream didn’t completely melt but it slipped of the cookie which was not the point of the experiment, still it didn’t melt fully. I left it longer to bake as well. | Observations In the first experiment, I used vanilla ice cream while in the second I used chocolate and in the third I used strawberry. This change only affected the taste and did not change the procedure of the experiment. Also, by adding more and more egg whites, I noticed that the ice cream didn’t melt as fast or almost not at all. I kept the oven temperature the same and also the type of cookie. The â€Å"texture† of the outcome of the ice cream was always creamy and soft. The outsides were a slight golden brown but that is the result that is expected. Conclusions Experiment Conclusion Relating to my hypothesis, I can conclude that I predicted half correct and half wrong. First of all, two of my experiments failed and one trial worked out, so my hypothesis was only partly right. Secondly, it is probably quite hard to bake ice cream and it must take practice to get it right. I looked at different recipes as well, but all of them take about 8 – 10 hours and it is hard to record it that way and I can’t make my experiment last that long either. Unfortunately, I didn’t record my experiment in a video, but I have made a picture of my first trial. Overall Conclusion My overall conclusion is that I am very happy with my experiment. How did I come up with my experiment? I was looking through a website that had a whole list of experiments, and when I saw the â€Å"Oven baked ice cream† experiment, I was immediately interested, because it seemed impossible to me that something like that actually works out. So then I started doing some research and finally I used this as my experiment. My hypothesis was that the ice cream wouldn’t melt, because I believed that, if the experiment exists and is also served in restaurants it must work. I was really curious to try it out myself, and my outcomes were not too bad (except for my first try). It even tastes good. I think overall I am very pleased with my experiment and what I have achieved. I am glad that I chose this topic because it is interesting to research about and it is also really fun to bake. I have displayed a few pictures and a video too! It is really easy to make the ice cream—well at least from the recipe that I have found. It doesn’t work out straight away, but I think you need to personalize the recipe a little bit so that it suits your taste. I hope that we do a Science Fair next year again because I really enjoyed the planning and research, but I think to enjoy the preparation to science fair you have to choose a topic that really suits you and that you are actually interested in. So all in all, my opinion to science fair is that it is great fun and, even if this first time everyone was a little bit under time pressure, I think it worked out well and I hope that the actual day of science fair will reward our effort and hard work! Acknowledgements I would like to say thank you to my teachers Ms. Mullen and Ms. Phan for helping me in my science fair project. I would also like to thank my mum and my dad for helping me with my experiment. Last but not least I want to thank Ms. Wiedemann and Mr. Lenihan for giving up their lesson and letting us work on science fair. Bibliography Ehler, James T. â€Å"Baked Alaska. † Recipes for Sweet Comforts from the North Country. New York, New York: James T. Ehler, 2000. 143. , . . Print. Bellis, Mary. History of Ice Cream. Ed. Mary Bellis. about. com: Mary Bellis, 2011. 2. , . . Print. Bellis, Mary. History of the Oven. Ed. Mary Bellis. about. com: Mary Bellis, 2009. 3. , . . Print. http://farm4. static. flickr. com/3269/3107121731_69336f5e82_o. jpg â€Å"Baked Alaska. † Alaska Wild Berry Cookbook: 270 Recipes from the Far North. Alaska: Alaska Northwest Books, 2012. Print. http://www. zagblog. ch/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/icecream. jpg How to cite Science Fari Final Report for Oven Baked Ice Cream, Essay examples

Slumdog Millionaire Movie Analysis Essay Example For Students

Slumdog Millionaire Movie Analysis Essay Slumdog Millionaire: Movie Analysis In Slumdog Millionaire the story follows a young boy, Jamal Malik, and his Journey from the slums of India to the popular show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? The movie is from Jamals point of view, and shows the events on how he knew every questions answer up until the end on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? The shows producers do not believe that a slumdog could have gotten all the questions right up until that point. They interrogate him using various methods including makeshift water boarding, and electrocution. Jamel will not speak, and insists he knew the nswers. The story begins with how he knew the answer to the first questions, which was Amitabh. Opening, there is a gang of children playing ball on an airplane runway. They are soon chased off by guards, and eventually caught by their mother. They return to school, and the book The Three Musketeers is thrown at them. Later, Jamal is five years old and is overjoyed for the chance to see his favorite Bollywood star, Amitabh, and to get his autograph. This is the start to his misfortune, as after he obtains this autographed photograph his brother, Salim, sells it. His mother dies soon after in the Bombay Riots, leaving him and his brother without anyone to look after them. This opens him up to relationships and leaves him empty and deeply depending on his brother. During their time caring for themselves, Jamel meets and bonds with Latika who turns into an integral part in his life. Jamel wants her to be the third musketeer, with him and his brother being the first two. He, however, does not know the name of the third musketeer. In his childhood he has many adventures, including working as a beggar for Maman, who is a gangster. When Maman starts to blind the children to bring in more money, Jamel and his rother run away. During their getaway, Salim purposefully does not help Latika on the train that they have escaped on. This act by his brother devastates Jamel. Their adolescence that follows, leads them through a string of Jobs and pickpocketing to support themselves. Jamel never loses sight of finding Latika and returns to Mumbai to find her. Salim eventually murders Maman and Joins laved, the head of Mamans rival gang. Salim sleeps with Latika and tells Jamel to leave. Jamel never lets go of the memory of Latika, and when given the chance he looks for both her and his brother. Jamel ultimately finds his brother and reunites with him. It is then, that Jamel finds a way into laveds house and finds Latika. He tells her that he loves her, and asks her to meet him in the train station at 5:15. She rejects his love but, none the less, plans to escape to the train station. When she attempts to meet him at the train station, all goes horrible wrong. She is recaptured by Javed with the help of Salim and carried away. When Latika and Javed move outside of the city, Jamel is grief stricken to have os er t Is tnen tnat Jamel makes Ita mlsslon to get onto LatlKas Tavorlte game how, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? He becomes a hero, as he climbs the money ladder higher and higher. During the viewing of the game show, Salim gives Latika his cell phone. He asks for her forgiveness and tells her to go to Jamel. He fills Javeds bathtub with money, and waits with a gun. The game shows final question, in order to win the million dollars, is the name of the third musketeer. Interpersonal Communication In EssayThese attributes do not lead him to find relationships with other people. His life circumstances has greatly affected his path to his death. He had very few choices in his life and as a street child large amounts of money and power are addicting. He knew very little of life, and became accustomed to his lifestyle. He made the choices and chose to stay with them. This in turn, inhibits his happiness and ultimately leads to his death. Latika had a presumed hard childhood and was in the care of Maman for the majority of her childhood. She was turned into a prostitute against her will, and was being pruned into a well versed singer and dancer in order to fetch a high price for her virginity. Her life circumstances were made for her, and she was not happy. Her relationship with Salim, and the luxurious lifestyle also did not bring her true happiness. It wasnt until Jamel showed her true love that she was happy. This is shown in the book; relationships foster happiness. Jamel had a difficult childhood, but made the best of it in his multitude of Jobs or money making strategies. He never lost sight of what was truly important and realized that relationships were what would make him truly happy. He resisted the vices that his brother fell easily into. Money did not tempt him, and he merely went on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? to get Latikas attention. He was not money hungry, but rather love sick. He found his happiness in Latika. Through his Journey he found happiness in his situation, whatever it may be. He had a very positive outlook, and this helped him find this happiness. As with the twins we watched in class, one had a positive outlook while the other didnt. Jamel used his positive outlook to his advantage. The main lesson one could learn from Slumdog Millionaire would be that everyone can obtain happiness. Jamel took what he had, and made it work in his life. He was cunning, and eventually found happiness by never giving up on what he believed in. Despite the harsh circumstances, he worked through his obstacles and found both love and happiness. This is a lesson that everyone should learn. No matter what the ircumstances may be, there is a way to get through them and find inner happiness. Another lesson that the movie touches on, is that money does not buy happiness. sallm Tocusea nls IITe on money, ana ultlmately lost all a ne ne a dear to nvm ana died. It is through this that one can learn that greed and money do not allow for happiness and a good life. Honest work and a loving relationship should outweigh easy money and shallow forced relationships. Salim had a tragic life, and it wasnt until the end that he came to terms with his life. Slumdog Millionaire was an inspirational movie, that showed anyone can obtain appiness (or a flash mob in a train station The moral of the story was that even people living in slums can achieve anything. It was a bitter-sweet ending that invoked a lot of emotion in the watcher. I personally felt that it held a strong message, and was portrayed in a unique style. The flashbacks made the movie easy to organize. I found it easy to sympathize with the characters and enjoyed their humor and laughter. It was interesting to see an insight into the Indian culture. My own Western view does, of course, not let me fully appreciate the culture as they see it. None the less, I enjoyed the movie and the analysis.